# Profoundd archive — Epstein Files # Bates number: EFTA00281336 # Title: Water Parsons The New School for Design # Dataset: 9 # Pages: 20 # Images: 20 detected # Tags: epstein, doj, dataset-9, image-described # Source PDF: https://profoundd.com/epstein-docs/EFTA00281336/download # Doc viewer: https://profoundd.com/epstein-docs/EFTA00281336 # # Text below is what Profoundd has extracted from the source PDF. # 'ocr-enriched' tag means OCR was applied to scan-only pages. # Image descriptions are AI-generated factual captions (llava:13b). #---------------------------------------------------------------------- === SUMMARY === Water Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281336 Learning Objectives • At the end of this presentation you should know: • The percentage of the earth's surface that is covered with water. • The percentage of a human being that is composed of water. • The uses of water globally by use group as a percentage. • The uses of water for residential use by percentage. • The US Environmental Protec === EXTRACTED TEXT === Water Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281336 Learning Objectives • At the end of this presentation you should know: • The percentage of the earth's surface that is covered with water. • The percentage of a human being that is composed of water. • The uses of water globally by use group as a percentage. • The uses of water for residential use by percentage. • The US Environmental Protection Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) flow rates for household plumbing fixtures. EFTA00281337 Questions about water • What do we use water for? • Where does our water come from? • How much water do we use every day? Every year? • How can we reduce our water consumption? • How would you design a space without any plumbing? EFTA00281338 Water facts: Ill water's formula Suit•n23e • Chemical composition: H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. • Water is the only pure substancefound naturally in all three states of matter: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or vapor). • Hydrophilic = "water attracting", examples: wood, and paper. • Hydrophobic = "water repelling", example: oil. • Capillary action = "the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of and in opposition to, external forces like gravity". • Water finds its own level. EFTA00281339 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water EFTA00281340 Volumetric representation of earth's water EFTA00281341 The water cycle Volcanic steam Ice and snow U.S. Dept. of the Interior U S Geological Survey John Evans. Howard Pedma n. USGS http r.ga water usgs goviedunovaterc yt le html Atmosphere Sublimation 1 Desublimation Streamflow epage Evapotranspiration t Surface runoff Groundwater storage Condensation Evaporation Oceans EFTA00281342 Where is the earth's water? Freshwater 2.5% Othersar water 0.9% Oceans 96.5% Total global water Surface/other freshwater l'2% 73wroauti 0.1 Freshwater Glaciers and ice caps 68.7% Atmosphere 3.0% \ Living things 0.26% Rivers 0.49% Swamps, marshes 2.6% Lak 20. Ground ice and permafrost 69.0% Surface water and other freshwater Soil moisture 3.8% Source: Igor Shiklomanov's chapter "World fresh water resources' in Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. NOTE: Numbers are rounded, so percent summations may not add to 100. EFTA00281343 Humans are 61% water Consequences of Dehydration 'THIRST Thirst is a uwlul indicator of daily fluid requirements. llt*wtursatery. it's not fully reliable since the body is already mildly dehydrated by the time an average person starts to notice 'Anti [Dehydration results in dry skin and wrinkles! SKIN KIDNEYS Higher water intake is shown to have a protcctne impact on the kidneys, and there is cabal evidence that OW (Chronic Kidney Diane) may be reversers related to higher water intake A study by Oar et al found • strong protective effect off...dente ei preventing kidney stone forma- tion in men.' PHYSICAL Studies have shoat, that the modest Friel of dehydration (2% of body mass:. can result in around a 29% decrease in phyu cal perfoimarce levels in tempo ate climates and up to a 4O decrease in hot temperatures' WATER makes up to 60% I 'MENTAL Dehydration can degrade specific aspects of cognitive performance includ ing visual inpLance. tension. anxiety. fatigue and visual working memory. Dehy. drat ion was also linked to negative mood rat rif, impaired motor performance and DEHYDRATION WEIGHT LOSS Opting for water instead of sugary drinks can help reduce body tirtibt and tat levers According to Stookey! just drinking S0O ml (17 oil of water increases energy expenditure by 1C0kr Findings in the same study indicate that an absolute increase in drinking water to toe 11 IN oil/day was associated with -2 kg or 5 lbs weight loss over 12 months *WATER playS CrlCal *lel. an trans ratan rutnentS and waste Fr is beaten O' major oceans od haws freWle • Im•••-• • PO. I 0 ••••••••• • •••••••••• • •••08. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• Yam ••••• •••••• a IS III ...m•••• .1w Somme,. WOWS. •••••L Ma i•InInala EFTA00281344 What do we use water for? Worldwide Agricultural use accounts for 70% of all water consumption Industrial use 20% Domestic use 10% EFTA00281345 The average American uses 176 gallons of water per day compared to 5 gallons of water the average African family uses each day. 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Gallons 7 z-American Water Use African Wata Use • Gallons EFTA00281346 T.US. Freshwater Use (2005) Total freshwater withdrawals in the United States, 2005 Public supply 44,200 Domestic 3,830 Irrigation Livestock 2,140 Aquaculture 8,780 Industrial 17,000 Mining 2,310 128.000 Thermoelectric 143,000 I I I I I I I 50.000 75.000 100.000 125.000 150.000 175.000 200.000 225 000 Water withdrawals, in million gallons per day 0 25,000 ZUSGS EFTA00281347 Household water using devices • Water closets (toilets) • Urinals • Lavatories (sink faucets) • Shower heads • Bathtub faucets • Kitchen sink faucets • Dishwashers • Clothes washers • Garden hoses EFTA00281348 What do we use water for at home? How Much Water Do We Use? Shower 16216 -- loilet Faucet 15.1% Lamb 13.7% Clothes washer Other 21J% 13% Suirry• AMIRX 11 n WrxkL kaunutm hyrax), fouilvarv, TrudeNxil Ind thrs :flak`.' '999 EFTA00281349 L Current U.S. Environmental Protection Act Plumbing Fixture Flow Rates • Water closets (toilets) = 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) • Urinals = 1.0 gpf • Lavatories (sink faucets) = 2.2 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per square inch (psi) • Shower heads = 2.5 gpm at 80 psi • Bathtub faucets = no standard • Kitchen sink faucets = 2.2 gpf at 60 psi • Dishwashers = 4.5 to 6.5 gallons per cycle • Commercial clothes washers = 9.5 gallons per cycle per cubic feet • Garden hoses = no standard EFTA00281350 Astoria*.Shaded Style MI liens Sauer CHAMPION s 4 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT *" ONE-PIECE TOILET VITREOUS CMS CNOMPIOT4 44 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT* , OPIE4nECE TOILET 7 2034.014 • ter een china • Eve•Oosn• eatace tnhbolt me grexch of elan• and odor-caned beeline. mold and maiden on In. evince • toseeenetneten 810189 me • realism Champion' 4 fluanMg $p111•01 porkontlinCe pinllcrn • e rOft-adj.etege pnen scion hccOceiticd n' rush wdve • 16.1/2 rem heel kW «Cosa* aCtokaterts • Egon-paled •sphon 300e piled bowl • 2-38' hay celand rapway • Clad,* na, low • or. lackey (lush Inted • 7 tell Cain • 10 )0a• 'tamely NOTInad 0•••••••••••; 75i x 451 • 749rnin 429-34' a ti-3er • t342-1 roan mis. 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