50 Investible Opportunities for a New Nature Economy Supplementary Appendix 2026

21 Alternative proteins encompass a range of sustainable food sources, including plant - , fermentation - , cell - , insect - and algae - based proteins, aimed at reducing environmental impacts and meeting global food demands. – Reduced agricultural footprint : Alternative proteins typically require less land than traditional livestock farming. Insect and algae farming can also be conducted on non - arable lands. – Lower freshwater use: Alternative proteins require substantially less water compared to livestock farming. Archetype Emerging Nature impact Transformative impact Suitability of financing and de - risking instruments Technological/ process maturity Capital intensity Scalability Bonds Loans Equity Other De - risking Advanced market commitments Commercial bonds Thematic bonds Sustainability - linked bonds Impact bonds Commercial loans Thematic loans / project finance Sustainability - linked loans Impact loans Commercial equity Private equity Venture capital Impact equity Blended finance Insurance Legend: Low High Low suitability High suitability Payments for ecosystem services Land ecosystem use change Ocean ecosystem Freshwater use Resource use Pollution Co - benefits Climate Social ✓ – Significant initial investment: Commercial production facilities require upfront investments in R&D and manufacturing process. – Barriers to scale include regulatory requirements and widespread consumer acceptance – Financing suitability characteristics: Equity financing, particularly venture capital and impact equity, suit these opportunities given current market growth, customer familiarity, and high upfront capital requirements. Blended finance and advanced market commitments can support financing for commercial manufacturing facilities. Product liability insurance is typically required, particularly for consumer safety in regulated markets. – High market potential: Opportunity already scaling fast with large upside potential if technology and policy accelerates adoption. – Long - term revenue and operating cost benefits: High - growth market which can lower operating costs in long - run (e.g. input costs) Negative impact Positive impact Financing target Manufacturers Agri, Food & Forestry Chemicals, Plastics & Pharma Construction Materials Energy Mining Technology Transportation & Logistics Cross - sectoral Automotive Fashion & Textiles Leisure Waste Management Metals & Steel Conditions Nutritional and sustainability parity with conventional proteins Financial impact Revenue increase✓ Opex reduction✓ Capex reduction – Alternative Proteins FINANCING THE NATURE - POSITIVE TRANSITION