50 Investible Opportunities for a New Nature Economy Supplementary Appendix 2026

28 Repurposing/Recycling of waste refers to practices aimed at reusing and repurposing waste materials generated during food production, processing, and consumption into alternative resources or products such as compost, biogas and biofertilizer – Reduced landfill demand : Recycling diverts organic and packaging waste from landfills, reducing land requirements for waste disposal and associated greenhouse gases . – Resource - use minimized through recycling nutrients and waste into new products Archetype Operational Nature impact Transformative impact Suitability of financing and de - risking instruments Technological/ process maturity Capital intensity Scalability Bonds Loans Equity Other De - risking Commercial bonds Thematic bonds Sustainability - linked bonds Impact bonds Commercial loans Thematic loans / project finance Sustainability - linked loans Impact loans Commercial equity Private equity Venture capital Impact equity Blended finance Insurance Advanced market commitments Legend: Low High Low suitability High suitability Payments for ecosystem services Land ecosystem Ocean ecosystem Freshwater use Resource use Pollution Co - benefits Climate Social ✓ – Moderate initial investment for infrastructure : Initial infrastructure includes digesters and processing plants with established processes – High scalability potential due to wide availability of agricultural waste globally and applicability across regions, producers and consumers – – Financing suitability characteristics: Debt financing instruments are well - suited for established waste management providers, who typically have stable revenue stream, operational scale and asset base. Moderate to high capital investments are required for infrastructure development, making project finance and sustainability - linked loans particularly suitable. Additionally, impact and blended finance instruments can play a role to support adoption of innovative waste repurposing technologies - including innovative bioconversion methods or modular on - site solutions. – Financial impacts : Revenue streams from waste disposal and sale of biofertilizers, biogas, and animal feed from other by - products. Initial capital expenditure to establish facilities can be significant. Operational expenses can be neutral depending on plant efficiency. Negative impact Positive impact Financing target Waste management providers Agri, Food & Forestry Chemicals, Plastics & Pharma Construction Materials Energy Mining Technology Transportation & Logistics Cross - sectoral Automotive Fashion & Textiles Leisure Waste Management Metals & Steel Conditions Avoids creating new markets for waste, or deforestation and land use change Financial impact Revenue increase✓ Opex reduction – Capex reduction – Repurposing/recycling agricultural and food waste FINANCING THE NATURE - POSITIVE TRANSITION