50 Investible Opportunities for a New Nature Economy Supplementary Appendix 2026

33 Use of bio - based materials in automotive applications includes bio - based polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PU) to produce interior components, coatings, foams, adhesives and structural parts – Reduced pollution : Bio - based materials lower harmful emissions in production and disposal, with biodegradability and recyclability reducing long - term ecosystem contamination and boosting resilience . – Decreases finite resource dependence: Utilizes renewable, bio - based feedstocks, reducing new land use. Archetype Emerging Nature impact Transformative impact Suitability of financing and de - risking instruments Technological / process maturity Capital intensity Scalability Bonds Loans Equity Other De - risking Commercial bonds Thematic bonds Sustainability - linked bonds Impact bonds Commercial loans Thematic loans / project finance Sustainability - linked loans Impact loans Commercial equity Private equity Venture capital Impact equity Blended finance Insurance Advanced market commitments Legend: Low High Low suitability High suitability Payments for ecosystem services Land ecosystem Ocean ecosystem Freshwater use Resource use Pollution Co - benefits Climate Social ✓ – Commercial use : Bio - based PC and PU have reached commercial use in interiors, coatings and foams. Continued R&D supports improvements in performance and unit cost reduction. – Moderate capital needs depending on scale of auto manufacturing. – Financing suitability characteristics: Market is dominated by existing chemical manufacturers seeking to expand product lines, and new “bio - native” material innovators. Financing options include commercial and sustainability - linked loans for scaling, commercial and private equity for growth, and venture capital for early - stage innovation. Blended finance can reduce risks associated with scaling new technologies, supporting faster market adoption.– Revenue potential : Growing demand for sustainable materials, including decarbonization and plastic waste regulations. – Moderate capital investment: Some adaptations required for bio - production expansions. Negative impact Positive impact Financing target Manufacturers Agri, Food & Forestry Chemicals, Plastics & Pharma Construction Materials Energy Mining Technology Transportation & Logistics Cross - sectoral Automotive Fashion & Textiles Leisure Waste Management Metals & Steel Conditions Matches durability & safety properties of conventional materials; sustainable feedstock use Financial impact Revenue increase✓ Opex reduction – Capex reduction – Bio - based materials for automotives FINANCING THE NATURE - POSITIVE TRANSITION