50 Investible Opportunities for a New Nature Economy Supplementary Appendix 2026

42 Sustainable cement and concrete blends involves incorporating additives like slag, fly ash, and recycled construction and demolition waste to reduce pressure on land, raw materials and ecosystems by replacing virgin materials with byproducts – Re - use of byproducts : Sustainable blends utilizes industrial byproducts and construction and demolition waste, which helps recycle materials that would otherwise contribute to waste, reducing quarrying and land - use change – . Lower level of pollutants compared to conventional production methods, driven by reduced clinker content Archetype Scalable Nature impact Transformative impact Suitability of financing and de - risking instruments Technological / process maturity Capital intensity Scalability Bonds Loans Equity Other De - risking Commercial bonds Thematic bonds Sustainability - linked bonds Impact bonds Commercial loans Thematic loans / project finance Sustainability - linked loans Impact loans Commercial equity Private equity Venture capital Impact equity Blended finance Insurance Advanced market commitments Legend: Low High Low suitability High suitability Payments for ecosystem services Land ecosystem Ocean ecosystem Freshwater use Resource use Pollution Co - benefits Climate Social ✓ – Mature practices : Widely accepted practices with industry standards and certifications. Diverse additives allows for flexibility in formulation. – Modular retrofits: Many plants can incorporate sustainable additives into existing production processes. – Financing suitability characteristics: Given the clear environmental benefits, thematic bonds and sustainability - linked loans are likely to be suitable. Commercial equity and debt financing are applicable where capital upgrades or adoption by established firms are required. Insurance products, including construction and equipment insurance for plant retrofits, can mitigate risks. Advanced market commitments may be structured with public infrastructure clients or green building developers, especially in regions with supportive regulatory frameworks rewarding low - emission materials.– Revenue potential : Increasing demand for sustainable blends – Lower operating costs: Use of by - products as additives can lower raw material costs. With slag/fly ash, lower clinker content and energy consumption reduces production costs . Negative impact Positive impact Financing target M anufacturers Agri, Food & Forestry Chemicals, Plastics & Pharma Construction Materials Energy Mining Technology Transportation & Logistics Cross - sectoral Automotive Fashion & Textiles Leisure Waste Management Metals & Steel Conditions Limited behavioural “rebound effects” in consumption Financial impact Revenue increase✓ Opex reduction✓ Capex reduction – Sustainable cement and concrete blends FINANCING THE NATURE - POSITIVE TRANSITION