A Blueprint for Intelligent Economies 2025

Legal frameworks   The advancement of AI has introduced new challenges related to IP, primarily owing to legal uncertainties surrounding AI-generated works and the unauthorized use of copyrighted materials for training AI models. Traditional copyright laws require meaningful human contribution, which generative AI frequently lacks, thereby complicating matters of authorship and ownership. Although this thinking is evolving within legal jurisprudence, ambiguities persist. Existing laws addressing these challenges are intricate and continue to evolve, consisting of a patchwork of national regulations and ongoing legal debates. Prominent lawsuits underscore disagreements regarding whether AI-generated outputs that closely mimic copyrighted works constitute infringement or fair use. Interpretations differ significantly across jurisdictions. For instance, the EU’s copyright directive includes exceptions for text and data mining,39 while Japan has expanded fair use to cover certain AI training activities.40 To address these challenges, regional legal frameworks are necessary to manage the borderless nature of AI technologies effectively. Developing global IP standards, led by organizations like the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO),41 will help ensure that AI intellectual property is safeguarded internationally. Blueprint for Intelligent Economies 15