Lessons from disaster response applications: Building a mission-specific ecosystem BOX 2 One standout example of successful drone deployment in a societal context is the World Food Programme’s Digital Engine for Emergency Photo-Analysis (DEEP) initiative.4 In the wake of natural disasters, the WFP has used drones combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to assess damage and inform emergency response strategies more quickly and safely. Launched in 2017, the WFP’s drone programme aims to improve preparedness and response to humanitarian emergencies by using aerial imagery and advanced data analysis. Relevance and impact: Traditional methods of assessing damage post-disaster are often time-consuming and hazardous, involving ground teams navigating through potentially unsafe terrains. Recognizing the need for a more efficient approach, WFP identified the potential of drones to provide rapid, high-resolution imagery of affected areas. This capability allows for swift evaluation of damage to infrastructure, identification of inaccessible regions and informed decision- making regarding resource allocation and intervention strategies. For this purpose, WFP makes use of conventional end-user drones, requiring limited investments in infrastructure and maintenance, leading to limited costs for flying itself. The success of the DEEP initiative is rooted in WFP’s collaboration with a diverse network of partners. Engaging with academic institutions such as the Polytechnic University of Turin, WFP has enhanced the DEEP platform’s machine learning algorithms to analyse both drone and satellite imagery effectively. Additionally, partnerships with organizations such as the German Aerospace Center (DLR) have expanded DEEP’s capabilities to include infrastructure assessments like road conditions. On the ground, WFP works closely with national disaster management agencies, local service providers and technical working groups to ensure the seamless integration of drone operations into existing emergency response frameworks – always treating safety top of mind. DEEP has been deployed in various countries, including Mozambique, Lebanon, Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Malawi, demonstrating its versatility across different disaster contexts. The platform’s ability to operate offline addresses challenges related to connectivity in remote areas, ensuring that critical data analysis can proceed uninterrupted. By automating the damage assessment process, DEEP significantly reduces the time required to generate actionable insights, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of humanitarian interventions. WFP’s DEEP initiative exemplifies the transformative potential of drone technology in humanitarian response. By addressing specific operational challenges through strategic partnerships and technological innovation, DEEP has set a precedent for the effective use of unmanned aerial systems in disaster management. This case underscores the importance of adaptability, collaboration and technological integration in enhancing the efficacy of humanitarian efforts worldwide. Key lessons learned: 1. DEEP highlights the importance of building mission-specific ecosystems that combine low-cost hardware, open-source platforms and local know-how. 2. In both drone and future AAM vehicle deployments, especially in public service use cases, success will hinge not only on the aircraft itself but on the surrounding infrastructure, stakeholder coordination and regulatory agility. Advanced Air Mobility: Paving the Way to Responsible Implementation 16

Advanced Air Mobility 2025