Environmental, social and governance (ESG) Renewable energy production –Share of primary energy consumption that comes from renewables measures the amount of modern renewable energy generation by country.40 –Unit: Nominal, terawatt-hours (TWh) Net Zero Sovereign Index –The Net Zero Sovereign Index is a benchmarking tool that helps investors assess how well countries align with 2050 net-zero emissions goals. It considers several key dimensions, including emissions reduction policies, renewable energy use, vulnerability to climate impacts, economic capacity for transition and social factors impacting transition fairness. By scoring countries across these dimensions, it highlights strengths and challenges, aiming to encourage a balanced and equitable approach to climate goals, especially between developed and emerging markets.41 –Unit: Very high to very low alignment Workers’ rights –Global Rights Index rates countries on respect for workers’ rights based on annual data.42 –Unit: Score 1-5 (best) Sustainability competitiveness –The Global Sustainability Competitiveness Index model is developed with a view of the fundamentals that shape the current and the future state (i.e. competitiveness level) of a nation-economy. It is based on a competitiveness model that incorporates all relevant pillars of sustained growth and wealth generation of a nation – natural capital availability, resource efficiency, social cohesion, government-led development direction and innovation and business capabilities.43 –Unit: Score 0-60 (best)Stable climate conditions –Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) identifies the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events. These can be meteorological events such as tropical storms or tornados, hydrological events such as storm surges or flash floods, or climatological events such as wildfires or droughts.44 –Unit: Score 1-125 (lowest risk) Control of corruption –The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) scores and ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be by experts and business executives. The CPI draws on data from 13 surveys and assessments of corruption collected by a variety of reputable institutions.45 –Unit: 0-100 (very clean) Country data GDP per capita –GDP per capita describes a nation’s GDP divided by its midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy and any product taxes, minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.46 –Unit: Nominal value, $ Manufacturing value added –Manufacturing value added (percentage of GDP) outlines industries belonging to International Standards Industrial Classification (ISIC) divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs.47 –Unit: Percentage of GDP Beyond Cost: Country Readiness for the Future of Manufacturing and Supply Chains 29

Beyond Cost 2024