Use of public funding programmes in the EU FIGURE 11 99% Spend Remaining Overspend100% 99% 1% 1%21% 16% 84% 89% 11% 61% 39% 48% 72% 69% 58% 0% 100%52% 28% 31% 42% 76% 0% 100% 88% 12% 92% 8% 45% 55% 91% 27% 73%24% 0% 100% 22% Source: European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency: European Commission. (n.d.). CINEA Project Portfolio, Programmes 1-6; Financial Transparency System. (n.d.). Financial Transparency System – Analyse. European Commission. Programmes 7-15; Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies. (2024). Absorption Rates of Cohesion Policy Funds: European Parliament. Programmes 16-18; Clean Aviation. (2023). Clean Aviation’s daring projects: Programme 20; Clean Aviation. (2023). €380 million for 8 new daring Clean Aviation projects to pave the way for highly efficient aircraft by 2035; Widuto A., Members’ Research Service. (2023). Social Climate Fund. Programme 21. European Parliament; European Commission. (n.d.). Big tickets for Coal; European Commission. (n.d.). Big tickets for Steel. Programme 22. The complexity and fragmentation of EU funding processes are key reasons for the underutilization of available funds. Of the 18 funding programmes launched between 2021 and 2027, only 7 have been allocated in line with their timeline progress (see Figure 11). Almost two-thirds of surveyed companies did not use EU public funding and those that did underscored the complexity of the process, with the main obstacles being the number of steps in the process, challenges in identifying if a company is eligible, and filling out the documents.143 Interviewed executives also pointed to challenges in the funding of technology scale-up and developing #Programme name Available budget (€, billions)Distribution as of year 1 Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) in the sectors of Transport and Energy 12.44 2022 2 The Innovation Fund (InnovFund) 40.00 2022 3 Horizon Research in the Climate, Energy and Transport sections 33.43 2022 4 Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) 3.31 2022 5 The European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF) 1.83 2022 6 RENEWFM (the renewable energy financing mechanism) N/A N/A N/A 7 Recovery and Resilience Facility (includes support for REPowerEU) 723.82 2022 8 Global Europe 80.59 2022 9 Pre-Accession Assistance 14.16 2022 10 ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) 5.61 2022 11 European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) 291.09 2022 12 InvestEU 10.28 2022 13 Overseas Countries and Territories 0.50 2022 14 European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 95.51 2022 15 Just Transition Fund (one of the three pillars of the Just Transition) 19.32 2022 16 European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 226.05 August 2023 17 Cohesion Fund (CF) 36.74 August 2023 18 REACT-EU (Recovery assistance for cohesion and the territories of Europe) 50.62 August 2023 19 Modernization Fund 57.00 March 2024 20 Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking 4.00 September 2023 21 Social Climate Fund 86.70 N/A N/A 22 Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) 0.111 N/A N/A Delivering on the European Green Deal: A Private Sector Perspective 24

Delivering on the European Green Deal A Private Sector Perspective 2025