Embracing the Quantum Economy 2024

A.2 Use case placement assumptions For each subsection in Chapter 3.2, the industry- specific matrices showing business value and technical feasibility for all use cases were created using inputs from the community. These inputs were organized through a detailed SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis, using the definitions provided in Figure 17 and Table 8.The different stages of development for quantum technologies, categorized as theoretical, experimental, prototype and commercial, have their respective timelines. Here’s a detailed description of what each stage typically involves. Each stage is crucial in the development of quantum technologies, transitioning from pure science to practical applications that can impact various industries and sectors. These may be further explained for each type of technology having its own maturity.Stages of development of quantum technologies FIGURE 17 This is the earliest stage of any quantum technology. It involves fundamental research and mathematical modelling. The focus is on theoretical proposals and simulations rather than practical implementation. Discoveries are often conceptual, seeking to understand the quantum mechanics that could enable future technologies. Practical applications are generally more than a decade away, and the feasibility of real-world applications may still be uncertain.10+ years At this stage, the theoretical concepts begin to be tested experimentally. Laboratory set-ups are constructed to validate the principles observed in theoretical models. It may involve creating early-stage devices that demonstrate quantum effects, though these devices are typically not yet capable of performing useful tasks. The technology is in a proof-of-concept phase, where experimental results guide further refinements.6 to 10 years This phase sees the development of functional prototypes that demonstrate how the technology could be applied in practical applications. Efforts are made to increase the reliability and efficiency of the technology to a level suitable for commercial development. The technology is often still under development in laboratory settings, but there is clear potential for commercialization within a few years. Collaboration between research institutions and industry partners might begin to scale prototypes into viable products.3 to 5 years The focus is on finalizing the product for market release. Quantum technologies at this stage have proven functionality and reliability that meet commercial standards. The efforts are directed towards manufacturing processes, market analysis and distribution logistics. The technology is close to being launched on the market, with continued improvements and optimizations aimed at cost reduction and enhanced performance.1 to 2 yearsTheoretical Experimental Prototype Commercial Source: World Economic Forum and Accenture Embracing the Quantum Economy: A Pathway for Business Leaders 56