Global Gender Gap Report 202574Section C: Indicator definitions and sources Indicators composing the Global Gender Gap Index Economic Participation and Opportunity subindexLabour-force participation rate, % The labour-force participation rate is the labour force as a percentage of the working-age population. The labour force is the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are actively looking for employment. Period: 2010 or latest year available. Source: International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT. ........................................................................................................... Wage equality for similar work, 1–7 (best) Response to the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey question, “In your country, for similar work, to what extent are wages for women equal to those of men?” (1 = not at all, significantly below those of men; 7 = fully, equal to those of men). For the past 46 years, the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey (referred to as the Survey) has played a vital role in flagship publications of the World Economic Forum, as well as at other organizations and research institutions. It stands as the most comprehensive and enduring survey of its kind, with responses from over 11,000 business leaders across 123 countries in 2024. The Survey delves into assessing crucial factors that drive economic growth and competitiveness, including aspects of diversity, equity and inclusion. The significance of this survey lies in its ability to offer valuable insights when statistical data is unavailable or is extremely difficult to measure on a global scale. It captures the perspectives of business leaders who are best positioned to assess their operating environment. Period: Moving average 2023-2024 or most recent year available (no earlier than 2020-2021). Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey (EOS). ........................................................................................................... Estimated earned income, int’l $1,000s The estimated female earned income is a proxy for how much command women have over a country’s economic resources. For each country, it is computed using female and male shares of the economically active population, the ratio of the female to male wages (both indicators are sourced from the ILO), gross domestic product valued at constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank), and female and male shares of population (World Bank). The methodology used to compute this indicator is adapted from the methodology developed by the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report Office for computing the Gender Development Index (UNDP , 2021-2022, pages 6-7). 12 Female and male wage measures used in the computation of the gender wage ratio correspond to the mean nominal monthly earnings of female and male employees, respectively. In the absence of wage data, a gender wage ratio of 0.75 is used in the computation of the wage bill. ILO’s measure of earning corresponds to the mean of monthly earnings of all employees in nominal terms. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers’ contributions with respect to employees’ social security and pension schemes as well as the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer. The measurement period of this indicator corresponds to that of the wage data. In the Economy Profiles section, values reported are the estimated average annual earned income per capita in constant 2021 international dollars for women and men, respectively, and the ratio of the two values. Period: 2024 or most recent year available. Source: International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT; World Bank, World Development Indicators database. ........................................................................................................... Legislators, senior officials and managers, % Ratio of women to men employed in senior roles, defined by the ILO as those who plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. It corresponds to Major Group 1 of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) or ISCO88 if ISCO-08 is not available. 13 Period: 2024 or most recent year available. Source: International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT. ........................................................................................................... Professional and technical workers, % Ratio of women to men employed in professional and technical roles, defined by the ILO as those who increase the existing stock of knowledge, apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories or those who perform technical and related tasks that require advanced knowledge and skill. It corresponds to the sum of Major Groups 2 and 3 of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) or ISCO88 if ISCO08 is not available.

GGGR 2025