The analysis presented in this report is based on a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach, incorporating various data collection methods to ensure a realistic perspective from the Airports of Tomorrow community. The insights presented in this report are based on the following inputs: 1. In-person regional Airports of Tomorrow roundtables held throughout 2024 in different locations, including Switzerland, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, Brazil and the US, as well as the Airports of Tomorrow Chief Executive Officers meeting hosted during the Annual Meeting in Davos in January 2025. These roundtables gathered nearly 300 executives and experts across regions and from different parts of the aviation value chain. 2. An anonymous survey conducted among C-suite executives at the end of 2024, which included responses from 25 stakeholders in the Airports of Tomorrow community and beyond. Those who indicated their stakeholder category included eight fuel producers or suppliers, three airports, two investors and one OEM. Others to respond included executives from airlines, non- governmental associations and trade bodies. Most were active predominantly in Europe, North America, the Middle East and Asia (excluding China). Survey questions included: –How optimistic are you that the aviation sector will make meaningful progress towards decarbonization in 2025? –How optimistic are you that the 2030 vision agreed at CAAF/3 last year will be achieved? –Which are the top risks that most likely pose the biggest threat to aviation decarbonization progress in 2025, in your view? –What is your top priority as a CEO when it comes to aviation sustainability for next year? –What would you like the sector to achieve by the next ICAO General Assembly in September 2025? –How do you expect aviation decarbonization policy to evolve next year across regions? 3. An anonymous survey of approximately 30 CEOs from the airports community, who were attending the Airports Council International World Annual General Assembly in Atlanta in September 2024. This was an earlier version of the survey rolled out at the end of 2024 with the Airports of Tomorrow community and was used to capture airport-specific priorities. 4. Over 20 bilateral interviews in the last quarter of 2024. These interviews allowed us to delve deeper into specific issues and gather detailed insights from key individuals. During these interactions, we explored various critical topics with CEOs and executives, focusing on specific issues and opportunities faced by each organization. The insights collected from these various sources were meticulously analysed to provide a neutral and objective assessment of the industry’s challenges and risks. By integrating these diverse data collection methods with additional desktop- based research and a review of the latest market developments, our methodology aims to depict the factual status of progress on decarbonization and to capture the overall sentiment of the aviation industry looking at 2025. This is not intended to be a forecast or prediction of how the sustainability discussion will evolve over time, but the approach can provide a solid foundation for additional debate within industry to maintain the momentum for aviation decarbonization. Appendix: Methodology Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025 37