Quantum Technologies Key Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains 2025

Migration to quantum-safe cryptography may take a decade or more for complex enterprise systems, so delays in quantum preparedness could lead to widespread vulnerabilities in high-risk areas such as software delivery pipelines, IoT device security and enterprise communications.36 The transition to quantum-safe cryptography is becoming increasingly urgent, driven by recent government mandates and regulatory expectations. The US, for example, has taken a leading role by mandating migration to PQC algorithms and setting clear regulatory expectations for their adoption, where NIST has proceeded to standardize the first round of PQC algorithms.37 In other countries, such as China, South Korea and Singapore, implementing PQC as well as QKD is under way.38 In Europe, a more academic quantum communication infrastructure, known as European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (Euro-QCI), is being built.39 These developments underscore the urgency for organizations to align their security strategies with quantum-safe standards. However, many businesses, particularly small to medium-sized enterprises, remain unaware of the urgency or lack the readiness to begin this transition. Guidance from regulators and proactive leadership from C-level executives are essential to accelerate adoption. To stay ahead of emerging threats, businesses should initiate quantum-safe pilot programmes now, particularly in high-risk areas and laying the groundwork for a secure quantum future. For instance, mobility companies Continental and Elektrobit have joined forces with several partners to investigate how automotive devices can be protected from quantum computer threats.40 Manufacturers and industries using building automation and control networks (BACnet)/Secure Connect (standardized protocol for communication between devices and systems) should proactively adopt quantum-resistant security measures to future-proof their systems from quantum attacks. 3 Demystify hype and align with business goals The rapid rise of quantum technologies has sparked significant excitement, but it also carries a risk of inflated expectations regarding timelines and scalability, which can lead to misinformed strategies and poor investment decisions. Lessons from previous technology waves, such as AI and machine learning, underscore the importance of balancing enthusiasm with realistic expectations.41 Leadership teams, including chief information officers (CIOs), chief technology officers (CTOs) and chief information security officers (CISOs), play a critical role in navigating this emerging wave effectively. Strategic training tailored to quantum technologies can empower these leaders to make future-ready decisions that align with both technological realities and long-term business goals. 4 Develop talent and a trained workforce policy A critical barrier to the widespread adoption of quantum technologies is the global shortage of quantum-literate professionals, particularly those with expertise in applying quantum principles to real-world industrial contexts.42 Bridging this skills gap requires coordinated action from both government and industry. Initiatives such as the Quantum Mobility Quest, sponsored by Airbus and BMW Group, exemplify how global challenges can connect quantum experts with industry leaders to accelerate workforce development.43 Policy-makers and industry leaders must co-develop specialized curricula, fund hands-on training programmes, and support the growth of quantum R&D centres. Additionally, implementing upskilling programmes for existing professionals and fostering a “quantum- aware” culture within organizations can ensure broader understanding and adoption of quantum technologies. Public-private collaborations should treat workforce development not merely as an educational initiative, but as a strategic imperative for industrial competitiveness in the quantum era. Equally important is ensuring that the workforce is ready and willing to learn and adapt to emerging technologies. This requires the implementation of humane change management processes that prioritize transparent communication, ongoing support and inclusive engagement. Fostering a culture of continuous learning and resilience empowers individuals to embrace technological change and contribute meaningfully to the evolving quantum ecosystem. To stay ahead of emerging threats, businesses should initiate quantum-safe pilot programmes now, particularly in high-risk areas and laying the groundwork for a secure quantum future. Quantum Technologies: Key Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains 23