Case study (continued) The partnership between ID Quantique and SK Telecom underscores the importance of integrating advanced quantum technology into mobile devices to address current security challenges. By harnessing the world’s smallest QRNG chip and Samsung Knox, the Galaxy Quantum 5 offers a robust solution for protecting sensitive data. This case study highlights the transformative potential of quantum technology in enhancing mobile security and supporting a sustainable, interconnected global economy. Source: ID Quantique. (2024). SK Telecom unveils the Samsung Galaxy Quantum 5. Enhancing telecommunications security with PQC Value chain segment: across the entire value chain; benefits: regulatory considerations, secure and reliable communication The telecommunications industry is currently grappling with the impending threats posed by quantum computing. As quantum technology advances, the risk of quantum- empowered attackers decrypting sensitive data becomes a significant concern. Emma Smith, Vodafone’s Cyber Security Director, explained, “On one hand, quantum computing has the potential to rapidly solve ultra-complex problems in key areas such as healthcare, but on the other it could undermine today’s cryptography. This is why we are playing an active role in the transition to a quantum-safe world.” SandboxAQ worked with telecommunications organizations, such as Vodafone and Softbank,27 to trial and evaluate PQC- ready secure networking using PQC algorithms based on NIST standards in real-life scenarios. Today, SandboxAQ collaborates with multiple telecommunication organizations on cryptography inventory and assessment projects to enhance cryptographic management, improve security and ensure compliance with key standards. Such initiatives are part of a broader effort to protect customers, governments and society from future quantum threats through a phased and planned migration to PQC. Similarly, the PQC Coalition, including members like SandboxAQ and Microsoft, aims to accelerate the adoption of PQC to safeguard sensitive data. By harnessing advanced cryptography and cultivating industry collaboration, the sector can better prepare for a quantum-safe future for itself and customers. Source: Vodafone. (2023). Vodafone tests Quantum-safe business network with upgraded smartphones. Action plan Phase 1 Awareness and assessment Maturity: Formulate a quantum and PQC strategy and assess the current security and cryptographic landscape. Learning curve: Engage with experts and develop a risk management framework. Implementation time and cost: Benchmark industry standards and draft a strategic roadmap.Phase 2 Implementation and integration Scalability: Pilot quantum and PQC solutions and evaluate their effectiveness. Implementation time and cost: Integrate and transition legacy systems, conduct comprehensive security testing and roll out training programmes. Risk: Forge strategic partnerships for continuous management and address any technical issues.Phase 3 Optimization and leadership Scalability: Optimize security solutions and expand quantum security infrastructure. Risk: Monitor emerging threats, revise security strategies and engage in industry innovations. Learning curve: Plan for the integration of next-generation quantum technologies and advancements.Maturity Learning curve Implementation time and costScalability Risks 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5Indicators = Low = High 1 5 See Appendix A1 for an explanation of indicators. Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for ICT Leaders 16

Quantum Technologies Key Strategies and Opportunities for ICT Leaders 2025