Shaping the Deep Tech Revolution in Agriculture 2025

Endnotes 1. World Economic Forum. (2023, June). Scaling agritech at the last mile: Converging efforts for farmers’ prosperity. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Scaling_Agritech_at_the_Last_Mile_2023.pdf 2. World Economic Forum. (2021, March). Artificial intelligence for agriculture innovation. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_Artificial_Intelligence_for_Agriculture_Innovation_2021.pdf 3. World Economic Forum. (2024, April). Agritech: Shaping agriculture in emerging economies, today and tomorrow. https://www.weforum.org/publications/agritech-shaping-agriculture-in-emerging-economies-today-and-tomorrow/ 4. Asian Farmers Association for Sustainable Rural Development. (2020, August 12). Who’s growing tomorrow’s food? https://asianfarmers.org/who-is-growing-tomorrows-food/ 5. Mahapatra, R. (2019, July 24). Farmers ageing, new generation disinterested: Who will grow our food? Down To Earth. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/agriculture/farmers-ageing-new-generation-disinterested-who-will-grow-our-food--65800 6. StatisticsTimes.com. (2021, July 24). World urban population 2021. StatisticsTimes. https://statisticstimes.com/ demographics/world-urban-population.php 7. Ibid. 8. United Nations. (n.d.) 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://www.un.org/uk/desa/68-world-population-projected-live-urban-areas-2050-says-un 9. Garthwaite, J. (2025, June 18). Climate change cuts global crop yields, even when farmers adapt. Stanford University Doerr School of Sustainability. https://sustainability.stanford.edu/news/climate-change-cuts-global-crop-yields-even- when-farmers-adapt 10. The Hindu Business Line. (2025, July 25). “Climate change causes yield losses of up to 65% in horti crops”. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/climate-change-causes-yield-losses-of-up-to-65-in-horti- crops/article69854730.ece 11. University of California Santa Barbara. (2024, January 24). Global groundwater depletion is accelerating, but is not inevitable. ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/01/240124132724.htm 12. United Nations. (2022, July 27). FAO warns 90 per cent of Earth’s topsoil at risk by 2050. https://news.un.org/en/ story/2022/07/1123462 13. World Summit on Food Security Secretariat. (n.d.) Feeding the world in 2050. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2a91baaf-c2e2-4a86-a327-f75c244108fe/content 14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (n.d.). SDG indicator 12.3.1 – Global food loss and waste. FAO SDG Indicators Data Portal. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals-data- portal/data/indicators/1231-global-food-losses/en 15. Statista. (2024, September 24). Total annual household food waste produced in selected countries [Chart]. In A. Fleck, The enormous scale of global food waste. https://www.statista.com/chart/24350/total-annual-household-waste- produced-in-selected-countries/ 16. Glauber, J., & Mamun, A. (2024, January 17). Impacts of Red Sea shipping disruptions on global food security. IFPRI Blog, International Food Policy Research Institute. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/impacts-red-sea-shipping-disruptions- global-food-security/ 17. United Arab Emirates Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and Remote Work Applications Office. (2023, April). 100 practical applications and use cases of generative AI. https://www.ai.gov.ae/wp-content/ uploads/2023/04/406.-Generative-AI-Guide_ver1-EN.pdf 18. Agentic AI systems consist of AI models developed to take autonomous decisions to achieve predefined goals. These systems can take decisions and actions proactively rather than having to respond to prompts. 19. Spatial data refers to information that identifies a location and its features. Spectral data refers to information captured across different wavelengths of light, beyond what the human eye can see. 20. Government of India Press Information Bureau. (2024, February 15). Empowering annadatas: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. https://pib.gov.in/FactsheetDetails.aspx?Id=149055 21. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. (2025, May 7). India releases two genome-edited rice varieties. ISAAA Crop Biotech Update. https://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article/default.asp?ID=21330 22. Nanoscale refers to dimensions between 1 and 100 nanometres, where 1 nanometre is one-billionth of a metre. At nanoscales, materials often show unique properties. 23. National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. (2013, December). Nanotechnology in agriculture: Scope and current relevance (Policy Paper No. 63). https://www.scribd.com/document/328284913/nano-technology-Policy-63-pdf 24. Buck, B. (2025, June 10). UF Digital Twin technology simulates strawberry farm, boosts AI tools and cuts costs. https://blogs. ifas.ufl.edu/news/2025/06/10/uf-digital-twin-technology-simulates-strawberry-farm-boosts-ai-tools-and-cuts-costs/ 25. While Trase has a stronger focus on sustainability risks, similar AI-driven platforms that overlay trade policies, sanctions and political stability data could enable the management of geopolitical risks. Shaping the Deep-Tech Revolution in Agriculture 41