Australia’s AAM roadmap and the associated waves and enablers FIGURE 14 Likely entry into service Use case Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 3 Key enablers Private Aerial work Public services Defence Freight Tourism and charter Experiential Training Urban passenger transport Regional transport Increasing scale, complexity and viability of AAM operationInfrastructure, social licence, economic Technology maturity, regulatory, economic Technology maturity, regulatory, workforce Technology readiness, industry capability, regulatory Regulatory, infrastructure Regulatory, ﬁnance capital Regulatory, ﬁnance capital, infrastructure Regulatory, ﬁnance capital, infrastructure Social licence, airspace integration, infrastructure Technology maturity, infrastructure Global examples United States In the US, more than 12 companies are actively engaged in developing AAM technology and manufacturing. FAA is currently drafting policies and certification guidelines for AAM to facilitate its safe and efficient integration into the national airspace. Commercialization of AAM in the US is expected to be achieved by the end of 2024. Europe Over 10 companies are involved in AAM technology and manufacturing, with the Netherlands emerging as the fastest-growing market in the region. The EASA is preparing to adopt final regulations for AAM operations. Similar to the US, Europe is also expected to see the commercialization of AAM by the end of 2024. Japan More than five companies are actively pursuing opportunities in the AAM sector. The country is working on a comprehensive roadmap for UAM adoption, which will finalize the operating environment and regulatory framework, aiming for a commercial launch by 2025. Japan’s roadmap for eVTOL incorporation outlines flight areas, operational methods and vertiport use, offering a template that could serve as a model for India’s roadmap over the next 15 years. South Korea Earlier this year, South Korea commissioned an association for AAM, partnering with 67 organizations. The purpose is to deliver an entity that can develop universally acceptable standards for AAM vehicles. The entity aims to cross- pollinate key emerging areas such as AI, mobile communication and data with a focus on reliability and sustainability.18 Recently, the Incheon region issued a CONOPS for AAM. Australia In Australia, roadmaps have been developed for AAM based on concepts of use that are expected to work. These concepts of use are built on a framework consisting of a series of overlapping waves. Different regions and use cases will adopt these concepts at varying rates, influenced by key enablers outlined in Figure 14. Additionally, the progress of these waves depends on AAM demonstrations during major events, such as the Olympics. Source: Australian Association for Uncrewed Systems (AAUS). (2024). AAUS Release Vision Roadmap for AAM. https://www.aaus.org.au/news-item/15577/aaus- release-vision-roadmap-for-aam. Skyways to the Future: Operational Concepts for Advanced Air Mobility in India 35

Skyways to the Future 2024