Challenges such as intrusiveness, cybersecurity risks and privacy protection must be managed to maintain personal autonomy and trust. –8 billion doctors: This vision proposes that every individual will have access to a personalized AI doctor through their personal devices, offering real- time health advice and transcending geographical and socioeconomic barriers. Implications involve significant changes in health roles, with more AI- enabled practitioners and a redesigned regulatory framework to keep pace with rapid AI advances. Challenges include the need to upskill both medical professionals and patients, as well as ensuring accessibility to quality AI services for all. –AI-powered operational excellence: This vision focuses on using digital twinning, predictive analytics, ambient listening and document creation to optimize health processes and reduce administrative burdens. Implications include the need for enhanced hospital information technology (IT) systems, improved digital literacy among health workers and a shift in caregiver roles towards more cognitive tasks supported by AI-driven diagnostics and decision-support tools for interventional excellence. Challenges include equity in access, regulatory pace, clinical risks of over-reliance on AI and cybersecurity threats. –Health leapfrog: This vision highlights LMICs bypassing traditional health development stages by adopting AI technologies, overcoming infrastructure challenges and improving health outcomes through innovative business models and partnerships. Implications include the implementation of digital public infrastructure, new patient pathways, reinvented collaboration models and workforce development. Challenges focus on developing sustainable business models, ensuring equitable access and managing integration and cybersecurity risks. Four expert visions exploring the impact of AI in health FIGURE 6 Source: Digital Healthcare Transformation Initiative dialogues, Boston Consulting Group and World Economic Forum analysis Paradigm shift to well-being Shift fr om a curative to a wellness- focused healthcar e system 8 billion doctors Every individual has access to a personalized AI doctor via their personal devices Health leapfrog LMICs bypassing traditional healthcar e development stages by adopting AI 4 key visions bringing transformative changes driven by AI AI-powered operational excellence AI-enabled healthcar e processes and administrative tasks Despite the promising vision of AI’s impact in health, turning possibilities into reality demands substantial political support and investment. How can stakeholders ensure that in 10 years’ time they are not having the same conversations? Section 3 explores the challenges that must be overcome to advance these conversations. The Future of AI-Enabled Health: Leading the Way 14

The Future of AI Enabled Health 2025