Trade teams’ day-to-day responsibilities are equally shaped by changes to trade legislation such as the EU Customs Reform, new licensing regimes and updated procedural requirements. Interviewees noted that fast-changing rules were sometimes difficult to manage. The frequency with which new trade and customs rules are introduced requires constant monitoring and rapid internal alignment. In some cases, new obligations come online without sufficient consultation or transition periods. For example, one interviewee noted a situation where licensing regimes were implemented before customs authorities had the capacity to issue licences. Customs legislation is also subject to regular updates through court rulings and administrative guidance. These developments can affect classification, valuation and origin determinations, requiring companies to reassess established practices. One interviewee highlighted the importance of keeping up with these legal developments – especially for smaller teams without dedicated counsel. Further, interviewees noted that over the years requirements for licences and authorizations have become significantly more stringent. Authorities now place greater emphasis on the presence of robust internal controls and clearly documented procedures as part of the application and renewal processes, as well as for any audits performed. For many companies, this has meant formalizing internal processes, enhanced audit trails and investing in compliance infrastructure to meet evolving expectations.Risks and opportunities The complexity of regulatory developments poses significant risks for companies engaged in international trade. These include the risk of non- compliance due to missed updates on new customs procedures, licensing regimes or classification rules. Companies may face delays, penalties or shipment holds if they are unprepared for sudden changes in enforcement practices or lack the internal capacity to respond quickly. Inconsistent interpretation of evolving trade rules across or even within jurisdictions can further derail compliance, particularly for companies operating in multiple markets and through multiple ports of entry. Additionally, without clear internal ownership or legal support, businesses may struggle to assess the impact of regulatory changes, leading to inefficient processes, duplicated efforts or missed opportunities to optimize duty payments and streamline operations. However, companies that invest in staying ahead of regulatory change can gain a competitive edge. Proactive monitoring and internal alignment allow businesses to anticipate and adapt to new requirements more efficiently, reducing the risk of disruption and enabling smoother market access. Regulatory developments can also serve as a catalyst for improving internal processes – such as formalizing controls, enhancing audit trails and strengthening governance structures. Companies that build proactive and agile international trade management functions are better positioned to respond to new licensing regimes, benefit from simplified customs procedures and engage constructively with authorities. Moreover, by embedding regulatory foresight into strategic planning, businesses can identify opportunities to optimize supply chains, reduce compliance costs and demonstrate leadership in responsible trade practices.2.3 Regulatory developments The core of international trade management is also changing. Teams need to assess capacity and stay up to date. Trade Compliance for Leadership: Navigating a Shifting Global Landscape 14

Trade Compliance for Leadership Navigating a Shifting Global Landscape 2025