For MHD applications, vehicle capability is crossing more useful thresholds: next-gen long- haul tractors slated for release are targeting ~600-800 km (e.g. Tesla Semi) on a single charge, enabled by the “e-axle” that frees battery space without fully sacrificing payload49 (e.g. Volvo’s FH Aero Electric can now carry eight batteries). Meanwhile, technological advancement of infrastructure is promising: 350-500 kW depot charging is already scaling-up and real-world megawatt-class pilots are demonstrating that sub- hour turnarounds are now technically feasible.50 However, expanding this infrastructure is complex and varies by region. A chicken-and-egg dilemma persists where operators are reluctant to invest without charging certainty, while investors hesitate to fund charging without guaranteed utilization. Moreover, trucking services and logistics players interviewed for this report stressed that the decisive factor for MHD electrification is not only the truck but the orchestration of vehicles, charging and operations. Digital tools for route planning, charging schedules and energy optimization are emerging as potential complements to vehicles themselves, helping providers maximize utilization and protect margins. In short, the MHD trucking landscape is shifting from whether electrification technology works to how fast systemic bottlenecks in infrastructure and integration can be removed. Insight: Electrification is the primary technological pathway — but it is not without hurdles First suppliers – from pilot to scale In 2025, several logistics players made significant commitments to and investments in battery-electric truck (BET) deployment, proving the operational viability of zero-emission freight: –Kuehne+Nagel aims to have a 60% representation of low-emission vehicles in its owned fleet by 2030, focusing strongly on electric trucks. The company works closely with customers and carriers to advance electrification. In September 2025, for example, Kuehne+Nagel and Siemens eMobility launched an all-electric route linking Germany and Portugal.51 –Toll Group announced a AU$67 million investment in a battery-electric heavy vehicle and charging programme, co-funded by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA)’s Driving the Nation Program. In August 2025, Toll delivered the first electric Volvo FM prime mover (HDT) for Woolworths Group’s logistics operation at Moorebank Distribution Centre in New South Wales, supported by a 980 kW onsite charger.52 Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 23

Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025