Water Futures Mobilizing Multi Stakeholder Action for Resilience 2025

1. Denton, F. et al. (2014). “Climate-Resilient Pathways: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development.” In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap20_FINAL.pdf. 2. Blue water refers to water in rivers, lakes and aquifers; green water refers to the water stored as soil moisture and in vegetation, which returns to the air through evaporation and transpiration; grey water refers to all domestic wastewater discharged from showers, bathtubs, sinks, kitchens, dishwashers, laundry tubs and washing machines; black water refers to toilet water. 3. WWF. (2023). High Cost of Cheap Water: The True Value of Water and Freshwater Ecosystems to People and Planet. https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf-high-cost-of-cheap-water--final-lr-for-web-.pdf. 4. Global Commission on the Economics of Water (GCEW). (2024). The Economics of Water: Valuing the Hydrological Cycle as a Global Common Good. https://economicsofwater.watercommission.org/report/economics-of-water.pdf. 5. World Bank. (2022). Water Resources Management. World Bank Group: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ waterresourcesmanagement. 6. Asia Garment Hub. (2024). CDP: At least $77 billion under threat from supply chain water risk. https://asiagarmenthub.net/news/2024/cdp-at-least-77-billion-under-threat-from-supply-chain-water-risk. 7. Global Commission on the Economics of Water (GCEW). (2024). The Economics of Water: Valuing the Hydrological Cycle as a Global Common Good. https://economicsofwater.watercommission.org/report/economics-of-water.pdf. Note: physical water scarcity occurs when the demand of the population exceeds the available water resources of a region. Economic water scarcity occurs when water is adequate, but is unavailable due to a lack of significant investment in water infrastructure. Source: ScienceDirect. (2025). Physical Water Scarcity. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/ agricultural-and-biological-sciences/physical-water-scarcity#:~:text=Physical%20scarcity%20occurs%20when%20 the,2000%3B%20Rijsberman%2C%202006. 8. For instance, Singapore with its “Four National Taps” strategy, Australia with the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, the Netherlands with its Delta Programme, Germany with its National Water Strategy and Saudi Arabia with its National Water Strategy 2030, have comprehensive and integrated approaches to managing water resources. 9. The GCEW’s 15 recurring themes are: freshwater management, technology, circularity, financing, policy management, water infrastructure, partnership models, industrial best practices, water supply chain resilience, governance, water- energy nexus, desalination, other alternate water sources, water access and affordability, domestic behaviour. 10. World Economic Forum. (2025). Global Risks Report 2025: 20th Edition. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2025.pdf. 11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2025). Aquastat Dissemination System – Total water withdrawal per capita. https://data.apps.fao.org/aquastat/?lang=en. 12. Fujs, T. & Kashiwase, H. (2023). Strains on freshwater resources: The impact of food production on water consumption. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/strains-freshwater-resources-impact-food-production- water-consumption. 13. GWI Water Industry data includes mining, upstream oil and gas, power generation, chemicals, pulp and paper, refining and petrochemicals, food and beverage, microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, consumer products, steel, multiple sectors, cement, textiles and tanneries, automotive, aerospace and others. 14. WWF. (2023). WWF Report: Water crisis threatens US$58 trillion in economic value, food security and sustainability. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?9842941/water-report-2023. 15. Hundertmark, T., Lueck, K., & Packer, B. (2020). Water: A human and business priority. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/water-a-human-and-business-priority. 16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2025). AQUASTAT - FAO’s Global Information System on Water and Agriculture. https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/overview/methodology/water-use. 17. Mytton, D. (2021). Data centre water consumption. npj Clean Water, 4(11). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-021-00101-w . 18. World Economic Forum. (2024). Why circular water solutions are key to sustainable data centres. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/11/circular-water-solutions-sustainable-data-centres/. 19. Global Commission on the Economics of Water (GCEW). (2024). The Economics of Water: Valuing the Hydrological Cycle as a Global Common Good. https://economicsofwater.watercommission.org/report/economics-of-water.pdf. 20. World Meteorological Office (WMO). (2023). Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water- related Hazards (1970-2021). https://wmo.int/publication-series/atlas-of-mortality-and-economic-losses-from-weather- climate-and-water-related-hazards-1970-2021. Endnotes Water Futures: Mobilizing Multi-Stakeholder Action for Resilience 45