In addition, there has been promising growth in commercial enterprises that offer healthcare through subscription services. Subscription-based care models offer options to support access to valuable outpatient services designed to maintain health. Successful case studies from mPharma, now in nine African countries, Praava in Bangladesh and Clínicas del Azúcar in Mexico, are expanding access to care and prevention through market- driven models that are increasingly attractive to both employees and employers. –Founded in 2010, Clínicas del Azúcar is a for-profit social enterprise providing integrated, affordable care for diabetes and hypertension in Mexico. Clínicas deploys a one-stop-shop care model in retail shopfronts near high-traffic areas such as supermarkets, offering coordinated services by multidisciplinary teams (doctors, nutritionists, psychologists and nurses).118,119 Its innovation lies in its annual membership packages, which bundle laboratory tests, behavioural support, screenings and unlimited consultations (excluding medications) at fixed rates – ranging from $150 to $300 per year depending on disease complexity. Payment is flexible, with monthly instalment options and discounts for low-income patients. The pricing is over 60% lower than comparable private clinics. As of 2021, Clínicas had treated more than 150,000 patients and reported that 65% of its patients achieved blood glucose control – a stark contrast to the 19% success rate in the public system. With sustained growth and IFC investment, Clínicas aims to scale to 100 clinics and serve more than 2 million patients by 2026.120,121 –mPharma, founded in Ghana in 2013, is a technology-driven healthcare company that focuses on improving access to affordable medicines through inventory management, e-prescriptions, data-driven forecasting and digital financial tools.122 mPharma’s mutti+ model demonstrates how a low-cost subscription (around $2/month, rising to $5 for insulin users) can improve access to primary care and essential medicines.123 A Ghana partnership integrated mutti+ with the region’s largest telecommunications company, enabling mobile-money subscriptions in which the smartphone wallet doubles as the bank account – facilitating easy enrolment and micro- payment plans.4.3 Scaling access with commercial models: Subscription-based care Founded in 2014 and serving patients since 2018, Praava has become one of the fastest-growing fully integrated healthcare platforms, serving nearly 1 million patients in Bangladesh to date. The company delivers high-quality care by combining international standards of in-person consultations, advanced diagnostics, pharmacy services and digital tools including telemedicine, chronic disease management and e-pharmacy.124,125,126,127 Praava has revolutionized healthcare in Bangladesh as a market-opening business for the country’s rapidly growing middle class. Its integrated “click-and-brick” model makes it particularly relevant for middle-income workers, including those in supply chains, who benefit from predictable costs, trusted quality and continuity of care. The model also appeals to employers seeking healthier, more resilient workforces, while demonstrating how market-based healthcare innovation can expand access and strengthen communities in emerging economies. Praava’s model is particularly relevant for middle-income workers, including those in supply chains, who benefit from predictable costs, continuity of care and trusted quality. The model also appeals to employers seeking healthier, more resilient workforces.CASE STUDY 3 Praava Health’s subscription model in Bangladesh At the end of 2019, I would say 2% or very little of our revenues came from corporate clients who were purchasing health products on behalf of their employees. That segment grew significantly during the pandemic and now it is more than 30% of our business. So the really positive shift was that employers started to see that investing in employee health was a good thing. This is against the backdrop of the level of health insurance penetration staying flat in Bangladesh at approximately 1%. Sylvana Quader Sinha, Founder, Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Praava Health Workforce Health Across the Value Chain: Organizational Insights to Mitigate Risk and Create Sustainable Growth 24

Workforce Health Across the Value Chain 2025