Climate and Energy Action Plan (CEAP)

City of Ashland – Greenhouse Gas Inventory (2011 – 2015) 35 APPENDIX B: COMMUNITY INVENTORY – SUMMARY OF DATA AND EMISIONS FACTORS Emissions CategoryCategory DescriptionDescripion of Data and Emissions FactorsBuilt EnvironmentResidential EnergyCommercial EnergyIndustrial EnergyTransportationOn-Road Energy Off-Road EnergyDirect emissions from gasoline and diesel for passenger and freight transportation as well as off-road vehicles and equipment used for construction.Emissions are calculated using 2 methods. 1) Emissions are modeled by Oregon's Department of Transportation using the Regional Strategic Planning Model. 2) State-level consumption is downscaled on a per capita basis. Emissions factors for gasoline and diesel and calculation methodology are considered highly accurate. Data source 1 is considered more accurate and therefore used to report results. Data source 2 may be used as a point of comparison. Refrigerant LossRefrigerant Loss (buildings and vehicles)Fugitive loss of refrigerants from building and vehicle air conditioning systems. Actual data on refrigerant loss is not available at the local level. State-level data from Oregon's 2013 GHG Inventory is down-scaled by population to estimate emissions. Emissions factors are taken from The Climate Registry's 2015 Default Emissions Factors.Solid Waste and WastewaterSolid WasteFugitive methane emissions from mixed solid waste and wastewater biosolids generated in the Ashland community and disposed of at Dry Creek Landfill. Its important to note that Dry Creek Landfill is modern landfill that collects landfill gas (LFG) and generates electricity. Even using best practices, achieving 100% LFG collection is difficult and therefore solid waste landfill disposal produces GHG emissions. Mixed Solid Waste: The City was able to provide total shorts tons of materila transfered to Dry Creek Landfill. Annual solid waste weights were multipled by 70% to exclude population outside of the inventory boundaries. An average mixed solids waste (MSW) emissions factor from EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) was used to estimate emissions. In addition to MSW generation from operations, the City also landfills significant quantities of wastewater treatment biosolids. Biosolids: Annual spend data for landfill disposal was available, as were average, annual tip fees charged by Dry Creek Landfill for all inventory years (FY2011 – 15). These data were used to estimate annual wet biosolids disposal weights. Moistue content of biosolids is available from City staff. An emissions factor for biosolids is not included in EPA’s WARM and therefore needed to be calculated using the Biosolids Emissions Assessment Model (BEAM). Water & WastewaterFugitive nitrous oxygen emissions from nitrofication / denitrification process and from discharge of treated effluent.Nitrogen quantities discharged in plant effluent are available for calendar year 2014. 2014 data was used as a proxy for all other inventory years. Ashland population data is readily available for all inventory years and is used to calculate nitrification/denitrification emissions. Emissions factors are taken from LGOP protocol. Household Consumption-Based EmissionsGoodsUpstream energy and process emissions raw material extraction, manufacturing, and out-of-state transportation of goods.FoodUpstream energy and process emissions from the growing, processing and transportation of foods.Energy (Fuel Production)Upstream energy and process emission from the production and distribution of natual gas, gasoline, diesel and electricity consumed either directly or indirectly by the Ashland Community.Data is readily available for electricity and natural gas, as previously described. Data for gasoline and diesel use is as previously described. Upstream emissions factors are provided in the ICLEI protocol. These factors are based on industry averages and are considered moderately accurate.City Government ConsumptionUpstream energy and process emissions for the production of goods purchased to support City Operations.Purchasing data (in FY $) is readily available and considered accurate. Emissions factors are provided by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality's Purchaser Price Model and are considered highly accurate. The City's supply chain emissions (i.e. consumption-based emissios), calculated for the City's Operational inventory are adjusted to remove local services and upstream fuel production emissions to avoid double counting with other emisisons categories.Electricity and natural gas data provided by utilities and considered highly accurate. Fuel oil and propane use estimated using state-level per capita fuel usage data and Ashland's annual population. Emissions factors for natural gas, fuel oil, and propane are taken from The Climate Registry's 2015 Default Emissions Factors and are considered highly accurate. The Electricity location-based emissions factors are taken from EPA eGRID data for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP) subregion. The eGRID factors are considered accurate for 2011 and 2012. Emissions factors are not available for 2013 - 2015 and therefore 2012 data is used as a proxy. The 2013 - 2015 emissions factors should be updated and emissions recalculated as the EPA publishes the relevant emissions factors. Market-based factors are based on Ashland's Utility Inventory presented in Section 3 and are considered accurate.These categories include direct emissions from natural gas, fuel oil, propane combustion by the residentia, comercial, and industrial sectors within the City of Ashland's geographic boundaries. Also includes the indirect emissions from grid electricity use by the same sectors for the same geographic boundaries. Accurate data on quantities consumed and suppliers for the goods and food consumed by Ashland community households is not readily available. Therefore Oregon's Carbon Calculator and US Cencus Bureau data on distribution of households by household income were used to estimate emissions.