50 Investible Opportunities for a New Nature Economy Supplementary Appendix 2026

59 Post - mining transition refers to the comprehensive process of rehabilitating and restoring ecosystems following the closure of mining operations – Pollution prevention : Robust post - mining rehabilitation significantly reduces environmental pollution, mitigating soil contamination and preventing impacts on water quality – Land restoration: Practices involve reforestation and land rehabilitation which can restore ecosystems and improve land use Archetype Scalable Nature impact Transformative impact Suitability of financing and de - risking instruments Technological / process maturity Capital intensity Scalability Bonds Loans Equity Other De - risking Commercial bonds Thematic bonds Sustainability - linked bonds Impact bonds Commercial loans Thematic loans / project finance Sustainability - linked loans Impact loans Commercial equity Private equity Venture capital Impact equity Blended finance Insurance Advanced market commitments Legend: Low High Low suitability High suitability Payments for ecosystem services Land ecosystem Ocean ecosystem Freshwater use Resource use Pollution Co - benefits Climate Social ✓ ✓ – Significant capital requirements: Implementing comprehensive rehabilitation plans often requires investment in restoration activities, infrastructure and monitoring systems – Legal obligations on mining companies to facilitate these processes – Financing suitability characteristics : Mining companies require significant capital investment - often for long time horizons. Commercial loans and project finance provide can be appropriate, and sustainability - linked loans can incorporate measurable ecosystem restoration and environmental compliance targets. Thematic bonds are also well suited for large - scale programmes. Blended finance can support remediation in socially or environmentally sensitive regions. Comprehensive environmental liability insurance is required to manage legacy risks (e.g., water contamination, land instability)– Cost reduction: Rehabilitation liabilities are typically recognized as provisions on mining company balance sheets. Comprehensive transition plans can reduce long - term environmental remediation costs and associated penalties for mining companies. Negative impact Positive impact Financing target Operators and mining companies Chemicals, Plastics & Pharma Construction Materials Energy Mining Technology Transportation & Logistics Cross - sectoral Automotive Fashion & Textiles Leisure Waste Management Metals & Steel Agri, Food & Forestry Conditions Mitigation hierarchy - avoid impacts rather than restore Financial impact Revenue increase – Opex reduction✓ Capex reduction – Post - mining transition activities FINANCING THE NATURE - POSITIVE TRANSITION