Blueprint to Close the Women%E2%80%99s Health Gap 2025

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77. This includes for migraine and ischaemic heart disease. See Figure 2 for details and methodology. 78. Author unknown. (2020, December). Accounting for sex and gender makes for better science. Nature, 588(7837), 196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33299202/ 79. Thompson, R., et al. (2022, February 2). Renewed rationale for sex- and gender-disaggregated research: A COVID-19 commentary review. Women’s Health, 18, 1–4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8814978/ 80. Peters, S. A. E., & Woodward, M. (2023, September 13). A roadmap for sex- and gender-disaggregated health research. BMC Medicine, 21(354). https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-03060-w 81. Khan, M. A., et al. (2020, July 23). Global epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Cureus, 12(7), e9349. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9349 82. The Lancet. (2020, October 17). Ischaemic heart disease – level 3 cause. 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Diabetes was chosen as a comparator here due to its prevalence, affecting 1 in 10 people globally, a similar prevalence to a condition such as endometriosis, and its impact on burden of disease for both men and women. Diabetes was also used as a comparator across many of the other metrics. 93. World RePORT database. Retrieved June 2024 from https://worldreport.nih.gov/wrapp/#/ 94. Some funding was historically allocated specifically to PMS prior to 2019. In addition, funding may be allocated locally, and there may be funding via specific initiatives that may not be fully captured in this database. 95. AlSayyad, Yasmine. (2023, 12 April). What we still don’t know about periods. New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/ books/under-review/what-we-still-dont-know-about-periods 96. Ibid. 97. Wang, Z., et al. (2024, May 29). Menarche and time to cycle regularity among individuals born between 1950 and 2005 in the US. 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Prioritizing health: A prescription for prosperity (Executive summary). McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public%20and%20Social%20Sector/Our%20 Insights/Prioritizing%20health%20A%20prescription%20for%20prosperity/MGI_Prioritizing%20Health_Executive%20 summary_July%202020.pdf 103. Leone, T., Brown, M., & Gemmill, A. (2023). Secular trends in premature and early menopause in low-income and middle- income countries. BMJ Global Health, 8(6), e008547. https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/6/e012312 104. Zarocostas, J. (2024). Renewed calls to scale-up cervical cancer screening. The Lancet World Report, 403(10429). https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)00408-2/abstract 105. Alemayehu, C., Mitchell, G., & Nikles, J. (2018, March 22). Barriers for conducting clinical trials in developing countries: A systematic review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1), 37. https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/ articles/10.1186/s12939-018-0748-6 Blueprint to Close the Women’s Health Gap: How to Improve Lives and Economies for All 56
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