Key levers to unlock CDR scale TABLE 2 Goal Lever Expand carbon removal capacity –Expand public funding: Tax credits such as the US 45Q4 and grants for pilot projects can drive initial investment and technology scaling. –Incentivize private R&D: Subsidies and low-cost financing can encourage private companies to invest in technologies such as DAC and BECCS. –Build infrastructure: Developing CO2 storage facilities and pipelines will improve cost efficiency and scalability. Increasing demand –Clarify Scope 3 guidance: The SBTi should define how removals count towards Scope 3 emissions, reducing corporate uncertainty. –Create procurement mandates: Governments can require companies to source a portion of credits from removals to create steady demand. –Reduce buyer costs: Subsidies or tax breaks for purchasing high-quality removal credits can make them more attractive to corporations. Strengthening carbon markets –Standardize verification: Develop global criteria for verifying carbon removal credits to ensure quality and build trust. –Unify markets: Linking voluntary and compliance markets would enable credit portability and expand the pool of buyers and sellers. –Enhance transparency: Real-time registries and monitoring systems would improve credit visibility and promote accountability. Boosting investment –Public–private partnerships: Governments and private financiers can collaborate to de-risk investments in early-stage projects. –Dedicated removal funds: Multilateral development banks (MDBs) and private equity can create specialized funds to scale removal technologies. –Scale infrastructure funding: Investment in storage and transport systems will support larger removal projects. This paper examines offtake data for four primary CDR technologies: DAC, BECCS, biochar and ERW. The analysis, based on data from ClimeFi,5 identifies trends, challenges and opportunities for offtake in each pathway and provides a foundation for evaluating CDR technologies and their role in decarbonization efforts.1.4 What is the objective of this paper, specifically in helping to address the challenges of unlocking CDR progress? Path forward To address these challenges and close the gap by 2030, targeted actions must focus on scaling production, increasing demand, strengthening carbon markets and boosting investment. Actions include expanding public funding through grants and tax credits, encouraging private research and development (R&D), building infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage and aligning voluntary and compliance markets to create unified standards. Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies: Market Overview and Offtake 8

Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies 2026