After relevant criteria were applied, the sample was found to be composed of 22 industry clusters and 55 economies. Industry clusters include: Accommodation, Food, and Leisure; Advanced Manufacturing; Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing; Automotive and Aerospace; Chemical and Advanced Materials; Education and Training; Electronics; Energy Technology and Utilities; Financial Services and Capital Markets; Government and Public Sector; Information and Technology Services; Infrastructure; Insurance and Pensions Management; Medical and Healthcare Services; Mining and Metals; Oil and Gas; Production of Consumer Goods; Professional Services; Real Estate; Retail and Wholesale of Consumer Goods; Supply Chain and Transportation; and Telecommunications. Refer to Table A1 for the list of industry clusters. Economies include Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Czechia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe. Collectively, these economies represent 88% of global GDP . In total, the report’s dataset contains 1,043 unique responses by global companies, collectively representing more than 14.1 million employees worldwide. Classification frameworks for jobs and skills This year’s report employed the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) framework, cross- walked with the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). O*NET was developed by the US Department of Labour in collaboration with its Bureau of Labour Statistics’ Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC) and remains the most extensive and respected classification of its kind. ISCO is a classification system developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) to organize information on jobs and labour. It is a part of the UN’s classification system for social and economic purposes. The list of roles used in the report has been enhanced with roles which were consistently added to previous editions of the report and refer to the emerging roles from data partner collaborations. Both the Future of Jobs survey and the Future of Jobs report use the World Economic Forum’s Global Skills Taxonomy to categorize skills (Table A2). Built on a foundation of data insights and ongoing inputs from our network of partners, the taxonomy focuses on the skills that are needed by workers across sectors and regions in a fast- changing labour market. It is designed to serve as a “universal adapter” between data presented in the language of the many region and industry specific skills taxonomies in use. You may view the Global Skills Taxonomy on the Reskilling Revolution webpage. New data from the Future of Jobs Survey is presented in Chapter 3. Taxonomy of industry categories TABLE A1 Industry cluster Industry Accommodation, Food and Leisure Accommodation, Food and Leisure Services Rental, Reservation and Leasing Services Agriculture and Natural Resources Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Automotive and Aerospace Automotive and Aerospace Care, Personal Services and Wellbeing Care and Social Work Services Personal Care, Wellbeing and Repair Services Education and Training Education and Training Energy and Materials Chemical and Advanced Materials Energy Technology and Utilities Mining and Metals Oil and Gas Financial Services Financial Services and Capital Markets Insurance and Pensions Management Future of Jobs Report 2025 98