Global population pyramids FIGURE 1 Ages 1950 2000 2050 21000–450–54+100 Men Women NOTE: Medium-fertility scenario. Only countries and areas with a population of at least 1 million are shown in the line chart. The boundaries, colours, denominations and any other information shown on the map do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. SOURCE: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2024). World population prospects 2024. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Innovations and emerging trends of the longevity economy This paper builds upon the World Economic Forum’s 2024 insight report, Longevity Economy Principles: The Foundation for a Financially Resilient Future. The sections and focus areas outlined below investigate the multifaceted challenges and the opportunities for innovations to support the world through this significant demographic transition: –Building resilient public retirement systems: This focus area tackles the urgent need to reform public retirement systems in light of demographic changes, ensuring they are financially sustainable and inclusive, and that they meet the needs of an increasingly population with diverse requirements. –From accumulation to decumulation: With people living longer, traditional retirement systems must be revamped to ensure that retirement savings can sustain individuals throughout their lifetimes. This section examines innovative solutions for turning retirement savings into reliable lifetime income and focuses on the “decumulation” phase of retirement. –Role of employers in financial well-being: Employers can play a crucial role in enhancing financial well-being through programmes that provide support for employees at all stages of their lives. –Economics of caregiving and long-term care: Providing care, for both children and older relatives, disproportionately affects women and has long-term implications for financial stability. This section highlights how systems must evolve to support caring roles and address gaps in savings and income. –Pathways for economic growth: Examining how financial systems must adapt to support people through different life stages, career changes and caring responsibilities, this focus area explores solutions to help build both financial resilience for the individual and long- term growth for the economy. Many reports on longevity naturally emphasize health as an important pillar. This paper complements that perspective by focusing on financial resilience, highlighting the systemic trends and innovations that can enable individuals to thrive. Additionally, the paper explores how broader trends and challenges are reshaping the longevity economy. Technology and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming industries. At the same time, extreme heat and other climate-related challenges are already affecting vulnerable sectors of society. Finally, looking ahead to the future of the longevity economy, the paper examines how evolving societal attitudes to ageing, work, finance and health can create new opportunities for every generation. Future-Proofing the Longevity Economy: Innovations and Key Trends 6

Future Proofing the Longevity Economy 2025