Global Gender Gap Report 202578Near-equal rights: Widows and daughters enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and non-land assets. This applies to all groups of women. However, there are some customary, religious or traditional laws that discriminate against women’s inheritance rights; Uneven rights: Widows and daughters enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and non-land assets. However, this does not apply to all groups of women; Restricted rights: Widows or daughters do not enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and/or non-land assets; Unequal rights: Widows and daughters do not enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and/or non-land assets. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). ........................................................................................................... Access to land assets Measures whether women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against women’s legal rights; Near-equal rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. However, some customary, religious or traditional practices or laws discriminate against women’s legal right; Uneven rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets. However, this does not apply to all groups of women; Restricted rights: Women and men have the same legal rights to own land assets, but not to use, make decisions and/or use land assets as collateral; Unequal rights: Women do not have the same legal rights as men to own land assets. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). ........................................................................................................... Access to non-land assets Measures whether women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to non-land assets. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to non-land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against women’s legal rights; Near-equal rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to non-land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. However, some customary, religious or traditional practices or laws discriminate against women’s legal right; Uneven rights: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to non-land assets. However, this does not apply to all groups of women; Restricted rights: Women and men have the same legal rights to own non-land assets, but not to use, make decisions and/or use land assets as collateral; Unequal rights: Women do not have the same legal rights as men to own non-land assets. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). ........................................................................................................... Civil and political freedom Year women received right to vote Year in which women obtained the right to vote. More than one year may be referenced depending on the status of the right - restricted or universal - and changes in status. In such cases, the first year displayed refers to the first partial recognition of the right to vote or stand for election. Period: Data as of 31 March 2025. Source: Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU). ........................................................................................................... Number of female heads of state to date The number of terms women have sat in office over the past fifty-year period as head of state or head of government in a country. Period: Data as of 1 March 2025. Source: World Economic Forum’s calculations. Access to justice Measures whether women and men have the same rights to provide testimony in court, hold public or political office in the judiciary, and sue. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights: A woman’s testimony holds the same evidentiary weight as a man’s in all types of court cases and women have the same rights as men to sue and to hold public or political office in the judiciary. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against women’s legal right to sue, to provide testimony in court or to be a judge, advocate or other court officer; Near-equal rights: A woman’s testimony holds the same evidentiary weight as a man’s in all types of court cases and women have the same rights as men to sue and to hold public or political office in the judiciary. Women’s testimony carries the same evidentiary weight in customary/religious courts/tribunals. However, some customary, traditional or religious practices

GGGR 2025