GGGR 2025

Global Gender Gap Report 202579or laws discriminate against women’s legal right to sue, to provide testimony in court or to be a judge, advocate or other court officer; Uneven rights: A woman’s testimony holds the same evidentiary weight as a man’s in all types of court cases and women have the same rights as men to sue. However, women do not have the same rights as men to hold public or political office in the judiciary; Restricted rights: Women and men have the same rights to sue. However, a woman’s testimony does not hold the same evidentiary weight as a man’s in all types of court cases; Unequal rights: Women and men do not have the same rights to sue. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). ........................................................................................................... Freedom of movement Measures whether women and men have the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) and passports and travel outside the country. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights: Women and men have the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) and passports and to travel outside the country, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against these rights: Near-equal rights: Women and men have the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) and passports and to travel outside the country, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. However, some customary, traditional or religious practices or laws discriminate against these rights; Uneven rights: Women and men have the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) and passports and to travel outside the country. However, this does not apply to all groups of women; Unequal rights: Women do not have the same rights as men to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) or passports and to travel outside the country. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). ........................................................................................................... Election list quotas for women, national (yes/no) Reports if a country has in place electoral laws specifying quotas for female candidates in national elections to the lower parliamentary house. Period: Data as of 31 March 2025. Source: Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), Gender Quotas Database. ...........................................................................................................Party membership quotas, voluntary, (yes/no) Reports if a country has in place voluntary quotas specifying the number of women for political party membership. Period: Data as of 31 March 2025. Source: Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), Gender Quotas Database. ........................................................................................................... Seats held in upper house, % of total seats Percentage of women holding seats in the higher house of representatives as a share of total seats. Applies only to bicameral parliamentary systems. Period: Data as of 1 March 2025. Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). ........................................................................................................... Family and care Unmet family planning Unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of women ages 15-49 who do not want to become pregnant but are not using contraception. Period: 2020 or most recent year. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. ........................................................................................................... Early marriage, % Percentage of girls ages 15-19 years who are or have ever been married, divorced, widowed or in an informal union. Period: 2023. Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB). Mean age of women at birth of first child The mean age of mothers at first child’s birth is defined as the average completed year of age of women when their first child is born. Period: 2023 or most recent year. Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). ........................................................................................................... Right to divorce Measures whether women and men have the same legal rights to initiate divorce and have the same requirements for divorce or annulment. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights = Women have the same rights to initiate divorce and the same requirements to finalize divorce or annulment as men, without negative repercussions from their parental authority. This applies to all groups of