Electricity The aviation industry’s decarbonization roadmaps are contingent on the availability and cost of electricity and the availability of related transmission infrastructure. This is particularly relevant for power- to-liquid production pathways and for the scalability of green hydrogen, as electricity is a major component of the cost for e-fuels. The aviation sector’s growing demand for electricity coincides with increasing competition for power from other sectors. In its 2024 mid-year assessment, the IEA noted how demand for electricity is rising at its fastest rate in years, driven by electric vehicles (EVs), cooling and heat pumps,27 and artificial intelligence (AI). Increasing power consumption from data centres has already led countries such as Ireland to pause applications for grid connections.28 Grid connection and investment both remain critical factors: BloombergNEF reports that over $800 billion will be needed annually by 2030 to accommodate greater electrification of end uses.29 Executives interviewed for this report highlighted that the availability of low-cost renewable electricity is crucial for the economic viability of e-SAF and green hydrogen production, alongside factors that affect energy consumption such as the efficiency of the conversion process and the load factor of the electrolyser when producing hydrogen. As they looked towards 2025, interviewees expected regions with cheaper electricity and shorter connection delays to attract increasing interest from power-to-liquid developers. The availability of low-cost renewables is essential for the development of power- to-liquid (eSAF), providing the foundation for both affordability and scalability. While the market has experienced pricing pressure lately from growing demand across industry and tech, there remain significant opportunities to expand supply alongside eFuel projects. Partnering with renewable power developers to support the build-out of new projects dedicated to the fuel space, especially in regions with abundant renewable potential yet to be fully developed, will be crucial in supporting eSAF production. Liz Myers, Senior Vice President, Strategy and Solutions, Infinium Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025 17