–Middle East and North Africa: respondents were split on whether the region would move forward with its SAF ambition and, for example, whether the targeted development of early- stage facilities to produce SAF at commercial scale by 2025 would remain on track. Several stakeholders however believed the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) could prove to be a receptive venue for coordinated policy discussions on aviation decarbonization. Success in reaching the required SAF levels demands bold first moves, including more FIDs, especially for transformative technologies like eSAF (power-to-liquid). But private innovation alone won’t suffice. Governments worldwide must step up with more robust policy frameworks, especially beyond North America and the EU. Within technology, companies like Topsoe need to be ready with de- risked solutions and the catalysts needed for current and future feedstocks and pathways. Flexibility, reliability and adaptability will be key as third-gen feedstocks, eSAF and advanced pathways scale and come online. Collaboration, regulation and extended financing will turn promise into progress. Elena Scaltritti, Chief Commercial Officer, Topsoe Taking advantage of the joint production of renewable fuels for all transport sectors, including road, aviation and maritime, would allow cost efficiency and faster technology development of SAF. Hence, SAF production business cases must include the acceptance of renewable fuels for road transport, otherwise Europe will need to import them from other regions, jeopardizing the EU’s competitiveness and industrial growth. Josu Jon Imaz, Chief Executive Officer, Repsol Now is not the time to become distracted. The SAF industry has continued momentum with an industry that is taking hold. Adjusting to new political norms are a factor that any sector with long-term aspirations must confront. Encouragingly, we are seeing consistent and increasing policy support for SAF from governments all around the world. Jimmy Samartzis, Chief Executive Officer, LanzaJet Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025 22