Global Economic Futures Competitiveness in 2030 2025

Indicator descriptions and sources TABLE 4 Dimension Indicator Rationale Source Reliance on foreign workersShare of foreign workers in industry workforce (%)Reflects industries’ dependence on foreign labour. Sectors with a higher share of foreign workers may face higher exposure to restrictions on talent flows in scenarios characterized by regulatory tightening and geopolitical volatility.International Labour Organization (2024, or latest available) FDI intensity Share of FDI in value added (%)Captures contribution of FDI to the industry output. Higher FDI intensity signals strong baseline capital attractiveness but also may make industries more exposed to shifts in international capital flows and investment restrictions.UN Trade and Development. (2024). World Investment Report 2024. (2021-2023 average). United Nations Statistics Division (2021- 2023 average). World Bank (2021-2023). Export intensity Share of exports in value added (%)Measures industries’ reliance on international trade. Industries with higher export intensity may be more exposed to geopolitical and regulatory frictions, as well as changing trade and investment policies.OECD Trade in Value Added (TiVA) (2018-2020 average). Vulnerability to cross-border technology restrictionsData intensity (non-capitalized software expenditure per worker) (%)Captures the impact of fragmentation on industry operations and access to technology. Industries with higher data intensity are likely to be more exposed to fragmentation trends within the scenarios.Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (2021). Domestic value addedShare of domestic value added in production (%)Captures the degree to which industries rely on domestic value creation in their production processes. Industries with a higher share of domestic value added are more likely to be insulated from geopolitical risks or cross-border regulatory divergence, reflecting greater self-sufficiency and local economic integration.OECD Trade in Value Added (TiVA) (2018-2020 average). Intensity of government supportLog count of industrial and trade policy interventionsProxies the level of government support and strategic importance. Industries with a higher level of support are more likely to benefit from insulation and preferential access to resources in periods of disruption.Global Trade Alert (2022-2025). Regulatory maturity ISO standards adoption intensity, adjusted for industry sizeProxies industries’ level of regulatory maturity and readiness to absorb and navigate regulatory changes.ISO Survey (2023). S&P Capital IQ (2024). Firms churn rate Sum of firm entry and exit rates (%)Captures industries’ level of dynamism and competition. A high firms churn rate indicates a more competitive and fluid business environment but also potential volatility as firms navigate changing market conditions and regulatory or geopolitical pressures.Eurostat (2022). United States Census Bureau (2022). New Zealand Stats (2022). E-stat Statistics of Japan (2016). Statistics Canada (2022). Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022). Korean Statistical Information Service (2022). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2021). UK Office for National Statistics (2022). Profit margin Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)-to- revenue ratioAccounts for baseline financial health influencing industries’ ability to support growth strategies and respond to shocks.S&P Capital IQ (2022-2024 average). Global Economic Futures: Competitiveness in 2030 28