Global Economic Futures Productivity in 2030 2025

Indicator descriptions and sources TABLE 4 Dimension Indicator Rationale Source Potential for automation and augmentationProportion of worktime with potential for automation or augmentation (%)Reflects industries’ capacity to automate or augment processes, with high potential for automation or augmentation often linked to substantial productivity improvements.World Economic Forum. (2023). Jobs of Tomorrow: Large Language Models and Jobs Reliance on skilled workersShare of high-skilled workers in industry workforce (%)Reflects industries’ dependence on skilled labour. Sectors with a higher share of skilled workers are better positioned to leverage technological change but face risks from talent gaps and shortages.International Labour Organization (ILO). (2023, or latest available) Skills development effortsShare of the workforce that has completed training which bridged skills gaps (%)Measures industries’ action to reskill and upskill workers. Industries with higher average training efforts are likely to be more agile and resilient in the evolving talent and technology landscape. World Economic Forum. (2024). Future of Jobs Survey. Corporate R&D intensityR&D spending as a share of revenue (%)Serves as a proxy for industries’ focus on innovation. Industries with higher R&D intensity are generally better positioned to drive and absorb innovation and technological advancements.S&P Capital IQ. (2019-2023 average) Vulnerability to cross- border technological restrictionsData intensity (non- capitalized software expenditure per worker) (%)Captures the impact of fragmentation on industry operations and access to technology. Industries with higher data intensity are likely to be more exposed to fragmentation trends within the scenarios.Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. (2021). Revenue uplift from AI adoptionUplift to annual revenue due to AI (%)Estimates the contribution of AI to revenue growth, offering a proxy for potential output gains from adopting advanced technologies.McKinsey & Company. (2023). The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier. Shortage of investment capitalShare of respondents reporting “shortage of investment capital” as the main barrier to transformation in the organization in the next five years (%)Accounts for structural financial constraints limiting industries’ ability to invest in technology or human capital, and reducing their capacity to respond to shocks.World Economic Forum. (2024). Future of Jobs Survey. Global Economic Futures: Productivity in 2030 26