all bidirectional relationships identified by respondents. “Edges: Relative influence” is based on a simple tally of the number of times the risk was identified as a consequence. The graphics in the report do not show all connections: weaker relationships identified by less than 25% of respondents were not included as edges. –Risk gover nance asked respondents to identify approach(es) that they expect to have the mostpotential for driving action on risk reductionand preparedness over the next 10 years,with respect to the most severe risks (severityscore of 6 or 7 over the 10-year timeframe).Respondents could choose among the followingnine approaches: Financial instruments(e.g. insurance, catastrophe bonds, publicrisk pools); National and local regulations(e.g. environmental, operational, financialregulations and incentives); Minilateral treatiesand agreements (e.g. Basel, Wassenaar,regional free trade agreements); Globaltreaties and agreements (e.g. United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change[UNFCC], Paris, Montreal, NonproliferationTreaty [NPT], World Trade Organization [WTO]);Development assistance (e.g. internationalaid for disaster risk response and reduction);Corporate strategies (e.g. environmental,social and governance [ESG] reporting,resilient supply chains, social initiatives,public-private partnerships [PPPs]); Researchand development (e.g. new technologies,early-warning systems, global risk research);Public awareness and education (e.g.campaigns, school curricula, media products);Multistakeholder engagement (e.g. platformsfor exchanging knowledge, best practices,alignment). A simple tally of the number of timesan approach was identified was calculated foreach risk. To ensure legibility, the names ofsome of the global risks have been abbreviatedin the figures. –Risk outlook asked respondents to characterize the evolution of the global riskslandscape based on a number of factors. Itfirst asked respondents to select a statementthat they believe best characterizes the globalpolitical environment for cooperation onglobal risks in 10 years. Respondents wereprovided with four options: (1) Continuationor reinvigoration of the US-led, rules-basedinternational order; (2) Multipolar or fragmentedorder in which middle and great powers contest,set and enforce regional rules and norms; (3)Bipolar or bifurcated order shaped by strategiccompetition between two superpowers; (4)Realignment towards a new international orderled by an alternative superpower. A simple tallyfor each of the four options was calculated. – Finally, r espondents were asked to select a statement that best characterizes their outlookfor the world over the next two and 10years. Respondents were provided with the same five options for both time periods: (1) Calm: negligible risk of global catastrophes; (2) Stable: isolated disruptions, low risk of global catastrophes; (3) Unsettled: some instability, moderate risk of global catastrophes; (4) Turbulent: upheavals and elevated risk of global catastrophes; (5) Stormy: global catastrophic risks looming. A simple tally for each of the five options was calculated. This year the risk outlook question asking respondents to indicate which statement best characterizes current and future global efforts to manage the Earth’s resources was removed from the survey in an effort to streamline questions asked to respondents Completion thresholds A total of 1,112 responses to the GRPS were received. From these, 909 were kept, based on the threshold of at least one non-demographic answer, a minimum answer time of two minutes, and the filtering of multiple submissions based on browser cookies as well as partial responses that have overlapping IP numbers and demographic answers with a fully recorded response (100%). –Curr ent risk landscape: 909 respondents selected at least one risk. –Short- and long-term risks landscape: 780respondents evaluated the severity of at leastone risk in one timeframe. –Consequences : 596 respondents paired at least one risk with one consequence. –Risk gover nance: 461 respondents selected at least one approach for at least one risk. –Risk outlook : 562 respondents answered at least one question. –Outlook for the world : 561 respondents answered over at least one timeframe. –Sample distribution : 909 respondents who answered at least one non-demographicquestion were used to calculate the sampledistribution by place of residence (region),gender, age, area of expertise and organizationtype. Figure B.1 presents key descriptive statistics and information about the profiles of the respondents. Global Risks Report 2025 79