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1. Live weight for human consumption and industrial use – including aquatic animals and plants. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2022). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/11a4abd8-4e09-4bef-9c12-900fb4605a02. 2. Stockholm Resilience Centre and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions & Center on Food Security and the Environment. (2021). The Blue Food Assessment. https://bluefood.earth/wp-content/uploads/bfa_booklet_updated_digital.pdf. 3. Reflects projections from a 10-country dataset (China, India, Ghana, Nigeria, Peru, Brazil, USA, Mexico, Spain, France) representing ~55% of global fish consumption, assuming constant real prices and income-driven growth. Sources: –Naylor, R.L., Kishore, A., Sumaila, U.R. et al. (2021). Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales. Nature Communications 12, 5413 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25516-4. –Anderson L. (2024). ‘Hope in the Water’: Four questions on the future of blue food. Center for Ocean Solutions – Stanford University. https://oceansolutions.stanford.edu/news/hope-water-four-questions-future-blue-food. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6fb91ab9-6cb2- 4d43-8a34-a680f65e82bd/content. 5. Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., et al. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03308-6. 6. Sources: –Anderson L. (2024). ‘Hope in the Water’: Four questions on the future of blue food. Center for Ocean Solutions – Stanford University. https://oceansolutions.stanford.edu/news/hope-water-four-questions-future-blue-food. –Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (n.d.). Fisheries and Aquaculture, Statistical Query Panel. https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en/home. 7. Stockholm Resilience Centre and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions & Center on Food Security and the Environment. (2021). The Blue Food Assessment. https://bluefood.earth/wp-content/uploads/bfa_booklet_updated_digital.pdf. 8. Selina Wamucii. (2025). World beef prices & global trends. https://www.selinawamucii.com/beef/. 9. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). FAO Report: Global fisheries and aquaculture production reaches a new record high, untapped potential remains in Africa. https://www.fao.org/africa/news-stories/ news-detail/fao-report--global-fisheries-and-aquaculture-production-reaches-a-new-record-high--untapped-potential- remains-in-africa/en. 10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2022). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2022. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/ac663f12-4be2-4562-9e0b-8317e9e89c6e. 11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2022). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/11a4abd8-4e09-4bef-9c12-900fb4605a02. 12. Stockholm Resilience Centre and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions & Center on Food Security and the Environment. (2021). The Blue Food Assessment. https://bluefood.earth/wp-content/uploads/bfa_booklet_updated_digital.pdf. 13. Gopaldas, R. (2023). Africa’s booming blue economy. Africa in Fact. https://africainfact.com/africas-booming-blue-economy/. 14. Palacios-Lopez, A., Christiaensen, L. & Kilic, T. (2017). How much of the labor in African agriculture is provided by women? Food Policy, 67, 52-63. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919216303852. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: Blue Transformation in Action. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1273bc36-339b-43d2-8163- af4d805f2ad2/content/cd0683en.html. 16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: Blue Transformation in Action. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1273bc36-339b-43d2-8163- af4d805f2ad2/content/cd0683en.html. 17. World Bank. (2025, 24 June). Investments In Aquaculture Could Create More Than 20 Million Jobs by 2050 [Press release]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/06/24/investments-in-aquaculture-could-create-more-than-20- million-jobs-by-2050. 18. World Bank, Africa Program for Fisheries. (n.d.). Improving Livelihoods and Creating Wealth through Sustainable Fisheries. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/703181468191040461/pdf/103666-BRI-Fisheries-and-Aquaculture- globally-and-in-Africa-Brief-PUBLIC.pdf. 19. Oceana. (2021).Wild seafood has a lower carbon footprint than red meat, cheese and chicken, according to latest data. https://oceana.org/blog/wild-seafood-has-lower-carbon-footprint-red-meat-cheese-and-chicken-according-latest-data. 20. Wollburg, P ., Markhof, Y., Bentze, T. & Ponzini, G. (2024). The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New evidence from micro-data. (Policy Research Working Paper No. 10660). World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/ api/core/bitstreams/d5eb1a30-5769-4dc5-886e-07f83c2ad355/content.Endnotes Investing in Blue Foods: Innovation and Partnerships for Impact 33