Investing in Blue Foods 2026
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21. Food and Agriculture Organization (2024) – processed by Our World in Data. Total daily supply of protein per person
[Dataset]. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-per-capita-protein-supply.
22. Food and Agriculture Organization (2024) – processed by Our World in Data. Total daily supply of protein per person
[Dataset]. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-per-capita-protein-supply.
23. Samarajeewa, U. (2024). Safety, Processing and Utilization of Fishery Products. Fishes, 9(4), 146.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9040146.
24. Sources:
–Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2024). FAO Regional Conference for Africa: Blue
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–Food and Agriculture Organization (2024) – processed by Our World in Data. Total daily supply of protein per person
[Dataset]. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-per-capita-protein-supply.
–Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). FAO Report: Global fisheries and aquaculture
production reaches a new record high, untapped potential remains in Africa. https://www.fao.org/africa/news-stories/
news-detail/fao-report--global-fisheries-and-aquaculture-production-reaches-a-new-record-high--untapped-potential-
remains-in-africa/en.
–World Bank. (2024). Population, total. [Data set]. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP .POP .TOTL.
–FoodStruct. (n.d.). Tilapia nutrition facts: Calories, carbs, GI, protein, fiber, fats. https://foodstruct.com/food/tilapia.
25. Based on BCG analysis, assuming a 1:1 relationship between GDP and supply capacity. For more detailed analysis, see
Appendix A2.
26. Based on BCG analysis, using a GDP-to-jobs multiplier of 0.19 million jobs per billion dollar increase in agriculture sector
GDP , based on 2019–2023 Africa agriculture data. For more detailed analysis, see Appendix A3.
27. Palacios-Lopez, A., Christiaensen, L. & Kilic, T. (2017). How much of the labor in African agriculture is provided by
women? Food Policy, 67, 52-63. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919216303852.
28. Weny, K., Snow, R. & Zhang, S. (2017, September). The Demographic Dividend Atlas for Africa: Tracking the Potential for a
Demographic Dividend. United Nations Population Fund. https://www.unfpa.org/resources/demographic-dividend-atlas-
africa-tracking-potential-demographic-dividend.
29. Ritchie, H. (2021). Drivers of Deforestation. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/drivers-of-deforestation.
30. Sources:
–Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). FAO Report: Global fisheries and aquaculture
production reaches a new record high, untapped potential remains in Africa. https://www.fao.org/africa/news-stories/
news-detail/fao-report--global-fisheries-and-aquaculture-production-reaches-a-new-record-high--untapped-potential-
remains-in-africa/en.
–Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2021). The future of food and agriculture — Alternative
pathways to 2050. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/e51e0cf0-4ece-428c-8227-
ff6c51b06b16/content.
–World Bank. (n.d.). Africa Program for Fisheries. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/africa-program-for-fisheries.
–Statista. (2025). Agriculture as share of GDP in Africa. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1498552/agriculture-as-
share-of-gdp-in-africa/.
–Statista. (2025). Number of people employed in the agricultural sector in Africa.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1322329/number-of-people-employed-in-agricultural-sector-in-africa/.
31. Ayo-Aderele, E. (2025). Can Affordable Fish Feed Save Nigeria’s Aquaculture Industry? WorldFish.
https://worldfishcenter.org/blog/can-affordable-fish-feed-save-nigerias-aquaculture-industry.
32. Zeigler, T. R. & Markey, T. A. (2015, July 1). Use caution when predicting profitability with feed cost per unit gain metrics.
Responsible Seafood Advocate, Global Seafood Alliance. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/use-caution-when-
predicting-profitability-with-feed-cost-unit-gain-metrics/.
33. Feed-to-body mass conversion ratio is the amount of feed required, in kilograms, to produce one kilogram of body weight
gain. Source: Kubitza, F. (2019). Advances in tilapia nutrition – Part 2. Responsible Seafood Advocate, Global Seafood
Alliance. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/advances-in-tilapia-nutrition-part-2/.
34. El-Sayed, A.-F. M. (2013). On-farm feed management practices for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt. In M.
R. Hasan & M. B. New (Eds.), On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
Technical Paper No. 583, pp. 101-129). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/T583/root/04.pdf.
35. Fingerlings refer to young fish, particularly tilapia, that are produced for stocking fish ponds; however, in Southern Africa,
the quality of these fingerlings is often poor due to factors such as inbreeding and inadequate husbandry practices.
Source: ScienceDirect. (2025). Fingerling. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/
fingerling.
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