Nature Positive Role of the Mining and Metals Sector

Appendix Impacts and dependencies analysis The sector-average assessment of the top drivers of nature loss shown in Table 2 is mostly based on ENCORE,308 and follows a four-step process. First, the relevant sub-industries were identified at an ISIC class level309 for each stage of the value chain. After initially shortlisting the ISIC classes for the midstream section of the value chain (direct operations), the ENCORE upstream and downstream “links” were used to map each midstream ISIC class to relevant upstream and downstream ones. A manual review was also conducted to identify any other relevant categories, resulting in a total of 68 ISIC classes mapped to the value chain stages for the mining and metals sector. Second, the ENCORE “pressures” were mapped to the five IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem change.310 Note, “Resource exploitation” was mapped solely to “Volume of water use”, as the other pressures (“Other biotic resource extraction (e.g. fish, timber)” and “Other abiotic resource extraction”) were not material for the mining and metals sector, and “Introduction of invasive species” was similarly excluded given the materiality was mostly low or below for all ISIC classes where a value was assigned. See Table 8 for the complete mapping. Third, for each stage of the value chain and IPBES driver, an average of the ENCORE “pressure materiality rating” was computed across all the ISIC classes where a materiality value was assigned (i.e. not N/A or ND). This was summarized in Table 2 for those with medium, high or very high materiality. Finally, this output was tested with business, civil society and academic industry experts via interviews and consultation workshops, and the final ratings were adapted based on the feedback provided. For the mining and metals sector specifically, this involved updating the “midstream, land-use change and ecosystem disturbance” from medium to high materiality, and the “downstream, greenhouse gas emissions” from low to medium materiality. The impact and dependency descriptions in Chapter 2 also use the ENCORE “pressure materiality ratings”, “pressure links”, “dependency materiality ratings” and “dependency links” datasets alongside several other sources. These include CDP Water Watch, WWF Water and Biodiversity Risk Filters, academic papers, civil society reviews, company-specific insights and assessments, analysis by the World Economic Forum and industry expert interviews and consultation workshops. The results of this analysis were then used to inform the development of the priority actions. Mapping from ENCORE “pressures” to five IPBES drivers TABLE 8 IPBES drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem change Relevant ENCORE “pressures” Land-use change and ecosystem disturbance –Area of land use –Area of freshwater use –Area of seabed use Pollution –Emissions of toxic soil and water pollutants –Emissions of nutrient soil and water pollutants –Emissions of non-GHG air pollutants –Generation and release of solid waste –Disturbances (e.g. noise, light) Resource exploitation (water abstraction) –Volume of water use GHG emissions –Emissions of GHGs Nature Positive: Role of the Mining and Metals Sector 54