Quantum security and quantum communications4 Adopting an agile security strategy that integrates both quantum-resistant and quantum-native technologies is essential to mitigating the quantum threat. As cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) become feasible, today’s widely used encryption methods – such as RSA (Rivest-Shamir- Adleman) and ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) – will be increasingly vulnerable. Quantum-safe cryptography refers to cryptographic systems and strategies designed to protect digital systems from quantum-enabled threats. Unlike quantum-native technologies, these solutions do not rely on quantum mechanics themselves but are engineered to withstand attacks from quantum adversaries.22 Key terms and concepts: –PQC refers to a subset of quantum-resistant cryptography that’s based on hard mathematical problems and believed to be secure against both classical and quantum attacks. PQC is currently the most scalable and implementation- ready approach to quantum-resistant security. It includes algorithms based on lattice problems, hash functions and multivariate equations (many of which are being standardized by NIST). –Crypto agility refers to the ability of systems to rapidly switch between cryptographic algorithms as threats evolve or standards change. This is essential for future-proofing systems. It allows organizations to adopt PQC today while remaining flexible enough to integrate new standards or respond to unforeseen vulnerabilities.234.1 Quantum-safe cryptography Efforts to identify the full potential of quantum technologies are critical to developing an effective post-quantum cryptography strategy. Organizations must begin the journey towards crypto agility – their ability to quickly adapt to changing cryptographic solutions – which will help ensure the security of the global financial sector and maintain the trust of all its stakeholders. Mike Silverman, Chief Strategy and Innovation Officer, Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC) 14 Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders

Quantum Technologies Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders 2025