Scaling the Industrial Transition 2025

CO2 emissions in hard-to-abate sectors in Gt CO2 equivalent (CO2e), 2019 vs. 2024 FIGURE 1 YoY change* 2019 20241.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.0Oil and gas*** -6.4%Primary chemicals+2.3%Steel -0.4%Trucking +0.6%Shipping +2.7%Aviation +6.4% -0.9% -2.2% 10.1% 0.0% +9.7% -3.8%Cement -3.5% -5.3%Aluminium** +4.1% +2.7% *Year-on-year (YoY) change represents 2024 vs. 2023 (except for oil and gas which is 2022 vs 2021); **Aluminium and primary chemicals 2024 data based on Accenture analysis; ***Oil and gas data for 2018–2022 since data onwards 2023 not available; oil and gas refers to Scope 1 and 2 emissions. Source: World Economic Forum. World CO2 emissions projection in Gt CO2e, 2024–2050 FIGURE 2 0510152045 25303540 Gt CO2e 2010 2024 2035 2040 2050 Current Policies Scenario Stated Policies Scenario Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Source: International Energy Agency (IEA); World Economic Forum. Scaling the Industrial Transition: Hard-to-Abate Sectors and Net-Zero Progress in 2025 7