Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Images: Getty Images, Unsplash Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders. The document was created in collaboration with Deloitte Consulting, an entity within the Deloitte network. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of Deloitte and Deloitte shall not be liable for any loss in connection with this document. Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee (“DTTL”), its network of member firms and their related entities. DTTL and each of its member firms are legally separate and independent entities. DTTL (also referred to as “Deloitte Global”) does not provide services to clients. For more information, see www.deloitte.com/about. © 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. Contents Foreword 3 Executive summary 4 1 Mobility sectors 5 1.1 Aviation – scaling-up SAF: infrastructure integration, 6 bottlenecks and future readiness 1.2 Shipping – the critical need for robust offtake in 15 low-carbon fuel supply 1.3 Trucking – electrification realities: scaling-up, barriers and 22 the road to decarbonization 1.4 Mobility cross-sector – converging realities across 27 low-carbon mobility suppliers 2 Materials sectors 29 2.1 Cement and concrete – reimagining procurement 30 practices to reward low-carbon innovation 2.2 Steel – commercializing pioneering technologies in an 34 evolving policy landscape 2.3 Aluminium – powering low carbon aluminium: achieving 39 parity with traditional supply 2.4 Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – creating a market structure 44 to commercialize proven technologies 2.5 Materials cross-sector – converging realities across 47 low-carbon materials suppliers Conclusion 49 Appendix 50 First Suppliers Hub technology readiness level (TRL) tables 50 Contributors 71 Acknowledgements 71 Endnotes 73 Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 2