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SECTION 75. BONDSMEN AND SURETIES
75-1 STATUTES
Title 18, USC, Section 1506, paragraph 2, provides thatwhoever acknowledges, or procures to be acknowledged in any court of
the U. S., any recognizance, bail or judgment, in the name of anyother person not privy or consenting to the same, shall be fined not
more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
Prosecutions are usually instituted under the perjury
statute T 18, Sections 1631, 1622!. Occasionally the conspiracystatute may be used T 18, Section 371! and USA may consider using
Title 18, Sections 494 and 1001.
EFFECTIVE? 0L/3r178
75-2 ELEMENTS -
See manual section on perjury.
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
75-3 POLICY
Bureau investigates fraudulent criminal bail bonds in all
classes of violations of the Federal criminal statutes. Fraudulent
bail bonds involve material misrepresentations and should not beconfused with forfeited bail bonds not investigated by Bureau! whichinvolve forfeiture of the bond based on failure of principal to comply
with terms of contract. Cases involving habitual or professionalbondsmen should receive prompt and thorough attention. Bureau doesnot investigate immigration bonds furnished in regard to control and
regulation of admission and deportation of aliens.
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
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75-4 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE
! Affidavits of justification which are part of a bail
bond include information, such as sureties' financial status, and
misrepresentations therein are usually the basis for perjury and
conspiracy prosecutions.
! A false statement, under oath, made by a person
justifying as a surety, or a false statement made in testimony taken
before a U. S. Magistrate or other committing magistrate made by aperson justifying as surety on a criminal bail bond!, is perjury.
! Fraudulent bonds
Following are suggested leads which may vary depending on
allegation in each case:
a! Examine court records. After becomingacquainted with the rules of the court, examine case file in office of
clerk of court in which bond is filed and obtain:
Names and addresses of sureties,
Name of principal, that is, the defendant,
Principal amount of bond, as well as docket
and/or case number assigned to the bond by official taking the same
and the clerk of court,
Listing and description of the property claimed
by sureties, including legal and generally known description of the
property,
Statements made concerning value of such
property, whether encumbrances thereon were listed, and whether or not
the surety had qualified on other bonds, and, if so, the amount, date
and character of the case in connection with which the prior bonds
were furnished,
Name and address of official before whom the
bond was executed,
The nature of the charge in connection with
which the bond was furnished,
Date bond executed.
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b! Interview court official. He should be
questioned regarding taking of the bond.to determine whether the
sureties were placed under oath, and whether he, the committing
magistrate, made any record of such affirmation. Determine whether
sureties were questioned and whether they gave any testimony with
regard to representations made in the bond. In cases involving "straw
bail" the committing magistrate should be questioned concerning
evidence produced by the sureties to show ownership of the property
listed in the justification of the bond. Sureties are frequently
required to produce tax receipts, warranty deeds, and/or other records
evidencing ownership of property. Any defect in such evidence noticed
by the committing magistrate should be carefully noted and ~
investigated. _
c! Interview principal and intermediary. Interview
the principal and the person who made arrangements for obtaining the
surety to ascertain the circumstances under which the bonds were
executed by the subjects. Ascertain whether the principal was
acquainted with the surety prior to execution of the bond; whether the
surety solicited the business; or whether the surety was recommended
by a third party and, if so, the identity of such person.
' d! Check title to property. Where it is indicated
that surety does not have title to property pledged, determine whether
surety was the record owner of such property at the time bond was
executed. Search records of the registrar of deeds for full details
of ownership. Actual consideration, which is sometimes disclosed by
internal revenue tax stamps, should be ascertained, if possible.
If no deed to the property listed can be found
on record in the office of the registrar of deeds for the county,
interview the grantor, whose name usually will be disclosed in the
justification of the bond, to determine whether such person deeded the
property to the surety and to obtain all details regarding transfer of
the property, such as consideration paid, whether the grantor
delivered the deed to the surety. Property in question should be
visited to secure a description thereof and to note whether property
is occupied and in particular whether it is occupied by a person other
than the surety. The real owner of the property involved at time the
bond was executed should always be interviewed and his testimony
obtained.
e! Check assessed and market value of property.
Possible sources are tax records, neighboring property owners,
contractors who made recent improvements, local real estate dealers,
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etc.
f! Check prior liens. The office of the clerk of
the recorder of deeds can provide appropriate index record books from
which may be obtained a record of mortgages, tax liens, special
assessments, labor liens, judgments, etc., outstanding against the
property at the time the bond was executed.
g! Determine if property pledged on other bonds
which were still outstanding in state or Federal courts at time bond
which is under investigation was executed.
h! Interview surety. This may determine whethersubject has good, unrecorded title to property listed in bond and will
obtain his explanation for statements in affidavit.
i! Check authorization of agent of surety company
when bond furnished by surety company. Determine exact status of
agent for company at time bond executed.
EFFECTIVE: O1/31/78
75-5 VENUE
In district wherein material false statements are made.
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/73
75'6 CHARACTER - BONDSMEN AND SURETIES
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
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ESCAPED FEDERAL PRISONERS,
ESCAPE AND RESCUE, ET AL.;
PROBATION VIOLATORS, ET AL.;
PAROLE VIOLATORS AND MANDATORY RELEASE
VIOLATORSp SECTION 76.
76-1 ESCAPED FEDERAL PRISONERS, ESCAPE AND RESCUE
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-1.1 Background
The Escape and Rescue Statute| ERS!,|Tit1e 18, USC,
Sections 751-757, was enacted on 9/1/58. [By MOU, effective 10/1/79,
the U.S. Marshals Service USMS! was given investigative and
apprehension responsibility for violations of the ERS. By Department
of Justice DOJ! directive concerning the "Policy on Fugitive
Apprehension in FBI and DEA Cases," dated 8/11/88, the USMS was given
the responsibility of apprehending Federal escapees regardless of the
nature of the Federal offense for which the prisoner was held, but
does not specify that the USMS had investigative responsibility as set
forth in the 1979 MOU. This matter was clarified by DOJ on 12/11/91.
DOJ ruled that the FBI would maintain primary investigative
jurisdiction over conspiracy to violate the ERS pertaining to any
person s! who rescues, instigates or assists in the escape or planned
escape of a Federal prisoner from custody of an institution or
officer. A field office wanting to conduct a fugitive investigation
only must secure the specific approval of FBI Headquarters and obtain
the concurrence of USHS. This can be effected through the
Fugitive/Government Reservation Crimes Unit, Criminal Investigative
Division.|
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
76-1.2 Principal Statutes and Penalties
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EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
761.2.1 Section 751.
From CustodyPrisoners Escaping or Attempting to Escape
of an Institution or Officer
" a! Whoever escapes or attempts to escape from the
custody of the Attorney General or his authorized representative, or
from any institution or facility in which he is confined by direction
of the Attorney General, or from any custody under or by virtue of anyprocess issued under the laws of the United States by any court, i
judge, or magistrate, or from the custody of an officer or employee of
the United States pursuant to lawful arrest, shall, if the custody or
confinement is by virtue of an arrest on a charge of felony, or
conviction of any offense, be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned
not more than five years, or both; or if the custody or confinement is
for extradition or by virtue of an arrest or charge of or for a
misdemeanor, and prior to conviction, be fined not more than $1,000 or
imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
" b! Whoever escapes or attempts to escape from the
custody of the Attorney General or his authorized representative, or
from any institution or facility in which he is confined by direction
of the Attorney General, or from any custody under or by virtue of any
process issued under the laws of the United States by any court,
judge, or magistrate, or from the custody of an officer or employee of
the United States pursuant to lawful arrest, shall, if the custody or
confinement is by virtue of a lawful arrest for a violation of any law
of the United States not punishable by death or life imprisonment and
committed before such person's eighteenth birthday, and as to whom the
Attorney General has not specifically directed the institution of
criminal proceedings, or by virtue of a commitment as a juvenile
delinquent under section 5034 of this title, be fined not more than
$1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year or both. Nothing herein
contained shall be construed to affect the discretionary authority
vested in the Attorney General pursuant to section 5032 of this
title." I
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
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761.2.2' Section 752. Rescuing, Instigating or Assisting Escape
" a! Whoever rescues or attempts to rescue or
instigates, aids or assists the escape, or attempt to escape, of anyperson arrested upon a warrant or other process issued under-any law
of the United States, or committed to the custody of the AttorneyGeneral or to any institution or facility by his direction, shall, ifthe custody or confinement is by virtue of an arrest on a charge offelony, or conviction of any offense, be fined not more than $5,000 orimprisoned not more than five years, or both; or, if the custody orconfinement is for extradition or by virtue of an arrest or charge of
or for a misdemeanor, and prior to conviction, be fined not more than$1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. '
" b! Whoever rescues or attempts to rescue or
instigates, aids, or assists the escape or attempted escape of anyperson in the custody of the Attorney General or his authorizedrepresentative, or of any person arrested upon a warrant or otherprocess issued under any law of the United States or from anyinstitution or facility in which he is confined by direction of theAttorney General, shall, if the custody or confinement is by virtue of
a lawful arrest for a violation of any law of the United States notpunishable by death or life imprisonment and committed before suchperson's eighteenth birthday, and as to whom the Attorney General hasnot specifically directed the institution of criminal proceedings, orby virtue of a commitment as a juvenile delinquent under Section 5034
of this title, be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more
than one year, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
I76-1.2.3 Section 753. Rescue to Prevent Execution
"Whoever, by force, sets at liberty or rescues any personfound guilty in any court of the United States of any capital crime,while going to execution or during execution, shall be fined not morethan $25,000 or imprisoned not more than twenty-five years, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 07/23/87
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1 76-1.2.4 Section 754. Rescue of Body of Executed Offender
"Whoever, by force, rescues or attempts to rescue, from
the custody of any marshal or his officers, the dead body of an
executed offender, while it is being conveyed to a place of dissection
as provided by Section 3567 of this title, or by force rescues or
attempts to rescue such body from the place where it has been
deposited for dissection in pursuance of said Section 3567, shall be
fined not more than $100 or imprisoned not more than one year, or
both."|
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
II76-1.2.5] Section 755. Officer or Other Person Permitting Escape
H "Whoever, having in his custody any prisoner by virtue of
' 1_ process issued under the laws of the United States by any court,
'7- r judge, or commissioner, voluntarily suffers such prisoner to escape,
shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than two
years, or both; or if he negligently suffers such person to escape, he
shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than one
year, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
||76-1.2.6 Section.756. Internee of Belligerent Nation
"Whoever, within the jurisdiction of the United
aids or entices any person belonging to the armed forces of
belligerent nation or faction who is interned in the United
accordance with the law of nations, to escape or attempt toStates,
a
States
escapein
from the jurisdiction of the United States or from the limits of
internment prescribed, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or
imprisoned not more than one year, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
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76-1.2.7 Section 757. Prisoners of War or Enemy Aliens
"Whoever procures the escape of any prisoner of war held
by the United States or any of its allies, or the escape of any person
apprehended or interned as an enemy alien by the United States or any
of its allies, or advises, connives at, aids, or assists in such
escape, on aids, relieves, transports, harbors, conceals, shelters,
protects, holds correspondence with, gives intelligence to, or
otherwise assists any such prisoner of war or enemy alien, after his
escape from custody, knowing him to be such prisoner of war or enemy
alien, or attempts to commit or conspires to commit any of the above
acts, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than
ten years, or both.
"The provisions of this section shall be in addition to
and not in substitution for any other provision of law."|
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
76-1.2.3 Section 1072. Harboring or Concealing an Escaped Prisoner
Whoever willfully harbors or conceals any prisoner after
his escape from the custody of the Attorney General or from a Federal
penal or correctional institution, shall be imprisoned not more than
three years."
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-1.2.9 Miscellaneous Statutes
Title 18, USC, Sections 1791 and 1792, which deal with the
Bureau's substantive 90 classification, Irregularities in Federal
Penal Institutions, should be considered, if appropriate, in
connection with violations of the sections enumerated above. See
Part I, Section 90 of this manual.!
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
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76~l.2.l0 Violations Subsequent to Escape
If subsequent Federal violations occur during or after anescape, the FBI shall investigate these separate violations. In thesecases, the FBI and the USMS shall coordinate their investigations inan effort to effect the escapee's apprehension at the earliest date.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
761.3 FBI Jurisdiction
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/B9
76-1.3.1 cehere1| see MIOG, Part 1, 761.3.10!.!|
! By Department of Justice|ruling 12/ll/91, primary|investigative jurisdictionjpertaining to conspiracy to violatethe ERS was given to the FBI.l Accordingly, the USMS, 'effective|l2/11/91,1has investigativeland apprehension responsibilityonly over those subjects who actually escape from the custody of an
institution or an officer. Any investigation concerning conspiracy toescape should be initiated under Bureau classification 90,Irregularities in Federal Penal Institutions IFPI!.|
_ ! If|an|escaped Federal prisoner EFF! subject, withinthe primary jurisdiction of the USMS also becomes an FBI substantivefugitive, of course,]the FBI|wil1 seek his/her apprehension under thesubstantive case, but "O0" must advise the|U.S. Marshal| USM! in thedistrict holding the warranty of its fugitive involvement and notify
the USM's office promptly upon apprehension. This notification will,of course, not change the existing procedure of advising the USM in
the district where the subject is located.
! Should an EFP within the responsibility of the USMSbecome ajsuspect/subjectjin an FBI substantive case and "O0" desires
to actively seek the subject's apprehension under the ongoingsubstantive matter, this may be done, provided the USMS is notifiedand the fugitive aspects of the case are an FBI-USHS coordinatedeffort. Of course, when the fugitive is apprehended or eliminated asalsuspect/subjectjin the substantive case which no longer demands FBI
fugitive involvement, the appropraite USM must be notified.
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! If any subject of an existing USMS responsibility EFP
matter is wanted as a fugitive in an FBI substantive case, theexisting "76" case should be consolidated and handled as a dual
character substantive case.
! If for some reason it should become imperative for an
office 0! to initiate a "76" EFP! fugitive investigation, involvinga non*FBI case, advise FBIHQ on a UACB basis of the facts demanding
FBI involvement.
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
76-1.3.2 Prosecution
Investigative jurisdiction and responsibility~' '_ for|conspiracy to violate the ERS rests with the FBI effective" .Q f 12/11/91. In these matters, it is the FBI's responsibility to secure ~ ' a prosecutive opinion from the USA and prepare reports suitable for
prosecutive use.
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
76-1.3.3 Obtaining Process
! A prisoner who escapes is an automatic fugitive. Noprocess whatsoever is necessary in cases involving escapes after
convictions and sentencing.
! Inasmuch as removal proceedings may be necessary inthose cases involving escapes before conviction and sentencing, a newwarrant should be obtained on the original substantive offense if the
offense was within the Bureau's primary jurisdiction.
! In those cases in which the original offense was notwithin the Bureau's primary jurisdiction, the USA should be promptlycontacted so that a warrant may be obtained under section 751.
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76l.3.4 Declination of Prosecution or Dismissal of Process
If the USA declines prosecution of the escapee for EFP orlater dismisses the outstanding EFP process while the escapee is inI fugitive status, the fugitive investigationIshould continue.I Whetherprosecution under the Escape and Rescue Act is anticipated has nobearing on the responsibility to locate Federal escapees since themajor objective is to return them to Federal custody to complete their
sentence or face the original pending Federal charge.
EFFECTIVE: O9/10/79
76"1.3.5 Escapees from Residential Treatment Centers, Furloughs,{ I and Extended Limits of Confinement
92m .1* Those prisoners assigned to residential treatment centers,granted furloughs, and/or extension of limits of confinement by theAttorney General, as set out in Title 18, USC, Section 4802, are inescape status within the Escape and Rescue Act when they fail toreturn to their place of assignment or from furlough as provided byI the instructions given them and fall within theIUSHS'sIjurisdiction.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
76l.3.6 INS Escapees
Aliens who escape while in the custody of the U.S.
Immigration and Naturalization Service, while being heldadministratively pending deportation proceedings or on the basis of awarrant of deportation, rather than a substantive Federal offense suchas illegal entry or smuggling, are not subject to prosecution underI the Escape and Rescue Act and are to be sought for by INS.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
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76"l.3.7 State Prisoners in Federal Custody
! Title 18, USC, Section 5003, authorized the AttorneyGeneral to contract with officials of a state for the custody of a
state prisoner convicted in a state court.
! A prisoner committed to the custody of the AttorneyGeneral under this section who escapes or attempts to escape violatesI Title 18, USC, Section 751, and falls within theIUSMS'sI jurisdiction.
EFFECTIVE: O9/10/79
761.3.8 Military Prisoners
Prisoners convicted and sentenced by a militarycourt-martial are subject to prosecution for EFP and fall withinIf I theIUSHS'sIjurisdiction if the following conditions exist:
F ! The prisoner was_committed to the custody of theI Attorney General by the terms of the court-martial sentence. Whenthese conditions exist, the prisoner comes into the constructivecustody of the Attorney General at the time sentence is rendered andI thereby becomes subject to prosecution for EFP ifIhe/sheIescapes or
attempts to escape.-_,_,
! The prisoner is committed to a place of detentionoperated by_the armed service by the terms of the court-martial but issubsequently.transferred to the custody of the Attorney General. Whenthese facts exist the prisoner must actually come into the physicalI custody of the Attorney General or one o£IAttorney General'sIauthorized representatives and then escape or attempt to escape before
this act can be applied.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
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76-1.3.9 Escapes From Local Custody Where a Federal Detainer has
been Filed or the Subject has been Federally Sentenced
' Concurrently or Consecutively to the State Offense
! When a subject in state custody has been charged
federally with an offense under the FBI's jurisdiction and the Federal
detainer has been filed but the Federal warrant has not been executed
and the subject escapes from local custody,lsubject|is a Bureau
fugitive under the substantive Bureau offense and should be located
and apprehended on the basis of the original warrant charging
|subject|with the Bureau offense.
! When a subject has been convicted of a state offense
and while in state custody the Federal warrant has been executed and
the subject is convicted of a Bureau or non-Bureau Federal offense and
sentenced concurrently rather than consecutively to the state offense
and escapes from local custody,|subject|is an EFP under the Escape and
Rescue Act and should be located and apprehended|by the USMS.|
! When'a'subject in state custody has been charged
federally with an offense not under the FBI's jurisdiction and Federal
detainer has been filed and the subject escapes from local
custody,|subject|is not an EFF or Bureau fugitive. The office
covering the place of escape may institute a fugitive investigation
under the Fugitive Felon Act if requested by the local authorities.
! When a subject has been convicted of a state offense
and while in state custody the subject is convicted for a Bureau or
non-Bureau Federal offense but has not yet been sentenced federally or
has been federally sentenced consecutively rather than concurrently
and the subject escapes from local custody,|subject|is not an EFP or
Bureau fugitive. The office covering the place of escape may
institute a fugitive investigation under the Fugitive Felon Act if
requested by the local authorities.
! The above examples should be distinguished from the
situation in which a subject is arrested by the FBI or another Federal
agency and is temporarily lodged in a state facility pending his/her
appearance before the U.S. Magistrate. If the subject escapes from
this state facility, he/she is an EFP and since he/she escaped prior
to conviction, a new warrant should be obtained on the original
process if the offense was within the Bureau's primary jurisdiction.
In these instances the case should be worked out of the substantive
matter and EFP added to the character. The fugitive aspects should be
coordinated with the USMS and EFP prosecution, by no means,
overlooked. In those cases in which the offense was not within the
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Bureau's primary jurisdiction, the USMS should handle.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
76-1.3.10 Escapes From Civil Confinement
! The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 CCCA of
84! was enacted into law on 10/12/84. This Act was responsible for a
significant number of changes in the Federal criminal justice system
including escapes from Federal civil confinement in EFP matters.
! Chapter X, Part L, of the CCCA of 84, entitled
"Escape From Custody Resulting From Civil Commitment," amends the
Recalcitrant Witness Statute, Title 28, USC, Section 1826, by adding
Subsection c!. Subsection c! covers an escape by an individual who
has been civilly confined for refusing to testify before a Federal
court or grand jury pursuant to Section 1826. ,Subsection c! also
covers the escape by an individual following a verdict of not guilty
only by reason of insanity and subsequent confinement pursuant to the
civil commitment statute, Title 18, USC, Section 4243, added byChapter IV of the CCCA of 84, entitled-"Insanity Defense Reform Act of
1984." In addition, Subsection c! also covers attempted escapes by
individuals confined in the above situations and individuals who aid
or assist in such escapes or attempted escapes. Violators are subject
to imprisonment for a maximum of three years and a fine of up to
$10,000.
! It should be noted that under prior law, persons who
escaped from confinement resulting from a civil contempt order under
Section 1826 could not be prosecuted since the Escaped Federal
Prisoners Statute, Title 18, USC, Section 751, was limited to escapes
from custody or confinement by virtue of an arrest or conviction.
Section 1826 c! was passed to remedy this situation.
p ! Subsection 1826 c! applies from the moment the
verdict of not guilty only by reason of insanity is announced until
the subject is released after a subsequent court hearing under Section
4243 c!, or is unconditionally released by Federal authorities, or
until a state authority takes custody of him/her. Furthermore,
Subsection 1826 c! does not require that the abovermentioned escapes
occur while the individual was held under actual guard or direct
physical restraint; therefore, custody may be minimal or constructive.
! Investigative jurisdiction between the FBI and the
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I PAGE 76
USHS over Subsection 1826 c! escapes and subsequent criminal activity
by the subjects is identical to the respective jurisdictions dictatedby the Department of Justice]ruling|pertaining to EFP matters as set
forth in|76 l.3.1.| '
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
76l.4 Notification Concerning Escapes and Apprehensions
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-1..1 Bureau of Prisons
The Bureau of Prisonsl BOP!|facilities should notify the
nearest|FBI office and|USHS office and furnish the details of each
escape. |The FBI should be notified of escape conspiracy information
which becomes known to the BOP.| 0
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
76-1.4.2 Bureau Office
! In liaison contacts ensure that all escapes
involving|conspiracy or|another FBI violation are promptly reported to
the appropriate FBI office so that substantive investigation and FBI-
USMS coordinated fugitive inquiry can be initiated.
!
those instances
criminal havingFBIHQ should be promptly notified by teletype in
involving a major mass escape or the escape of a
considerable notoriety of interest to the FBI.
! Upon the location of apprehension of the EFP, the USM
of the district where located or apprehended should be immediately
notified and requested to take custody.
Sensitive
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I I PAGE 76
EFFECTIVE: 09/07/93
761.5 Investigative Procedures
! Investigation should be given preferred and
expeditious attention as soon as the escape is reported in order to
promptly apprehend the escapee before he/she is able to leave the
general area where the escape was effected.
! A definite, prearranged counterescape plan should be
formulated concerning roadblocks, terrain search, notification to
local police agencies and other investigative steps which, if logical
and appropriate, can be immediately utilized.
! The prison official reporting the escape should be
interviewed regarding the complete details of the escape. This
information should be recorded on an FD302 as possible testimony in
the"event the escapee is later prosecuted for-EFP.
! An Agent should promptly examine the subject's prison
records to obtain any additional information of lead value.
! The office of origin should promptly request the
office covering the territory in which the escapee was convicted to
review appropriate records and set out the necessary leads in an
effort to apprehend the subject.
! When reports concerning missing prisoners are
received, close liaison must be maintained so that if it proves to be
an escape, investigation can be immediately instituted.
! Upon the escapee's location or apprehension he/she
should be interviewed in detail regarding his/her escape to ensure
successful prosecution.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-1.6 Office of Origin
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___H_ ..,Q i.-_;_-.4 |.¢'...A-l-rl__>L-192|_uiq.--a-»-.>-akpun.1.ln...n-li>¢-a-~l--*;.n.n.w92>..¢-_;>|__----4_s._-_<-a.--u ..92....- .. ..._.. if _ _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - lb
EFFECTIVE: O7/11/85
76-1.6.1 General Rule
! The office of origin shall be that office covering
the place of the escape, attempted escape, or other offense.
! Once an escaped Federal prisoner has been apprehended
the office of origin must promptly notify the correctional institution
from which the subject escaped.
EFFECTIVE: D7/11/35
76-1.6.2 Exception Case
When a prisoner is released on furlough from a-facility in
one territory to voluntarily report for permanent transfer to afacility in another territory and prisoner fails to report as required escapes!, the Department has held that venue for EFP prosecution is
where the subject was required and failed to report. Therefore, theoffice covering this location will act as the office of origin in
directing the fugitive investigation and will also present the EFP
violation for prosecutive opinion. Only when investigationspecifically authorized by FBIHQ.! i
EFFECTIVE: 07/ll/85
76-1.7 Venue
Prosecution shall be in the district in which the escape,
attempted escape, or other offense was committed.
EFFECTIVE: 11/08/78
Sensitive
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*0.-. -fw.,..l - 92 .._..,;.._r...-...._;.;.--. 5.1..-=1.-l-::.;.;;-.¢,.~.;,.aL1£-,..'_'.....-.-; ..._',..-..-.,._.' .,_'.__.....92 ._ ._ .._ _ ....... . .___..,,.-.-_..=....'. .-.. ........1_..__._...._...
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76
76*1.8 Reporting Procedures See HIOG, Part I, 25-1O, 762.9,
76-3.13, 8812, 1157 & Part II, 21-29.!
! No communication need be submitted to FBIHQ at the
outset of a routine nonfugitive investigation handled under the Escape
and Rescue Statute; however, should good judgment dictate that FBIHQ
and/or the Bureau of Prisons Headquarters be advised of such inquiry,a teletype or airtel, together with LHM if dissemination desired!,
should be submitted to FBIHQ.
! If the subject of an escaped Federal prisoner orEscape and Rescue matter is placed in a fugitive status, two copies
of an FD-65 should be promptly forwarded to|FBIHQ, and one copy
submitted directly to the Savannah Information Technology Center SITC!,lby the office of origin. Upon the fugitive's apprehension or
location, the locating office must promptly notify FBIHQ by teletype
at least ROUTINE in precedence!, followed by Form FD-515 entry intothe Integrated Statistical Reporting and Analysis Application ISRAA!.
The office of origin must ensure that all auxiliary offices are
notified'by teletype to discontinue.
~! One copy of a Prosecutive Report should be submitted
to FBIHQ upon the authorization of prosecution by the USA, or when a
specific request for such report is made by the USA or FBIHQ.
! In reporting the results of prosecutive actionfollowing the submission of a Prosecutive Report, while Form R-SA ifapplicable! is to be forwarded to FBIHQ, a separate letter airtel
with LHH if dissemination desired! should also be submitted detailing
the final disposition of each subject. The required letter should
note that Form FD-515 has been entered into the ISRAA.
EFFECTIVE: 10/11/94
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
1 Part IPAGE 76 16
921761.992 Character
l! Escaped Federal Prisoner, applies to all escapes and ,
attempted escapes under Section 751.
! Escape and Rescue, applies to all other cases under
Sections 752, 755, 756, and 757.
! Escaped Federal Prisoner - Harboring, applies to
cases under Section 1072.
! Irregularities in Federal Penal Institutions, appliesto all violations of Sections 1791 and 1792-which arise from
investigations of the sections enumerated above.
EFFECTIVE: 11/08/78
If 76-2 PROBATION VIOLATORS
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89 '
76-2.1 Background
| By Department of Justice directive datedl8/11/88,|the U.S.Marshals Service USMS! under Title 18, USC, Sections 365l3656, was giventhe responsibility for the apprehension of all Federal probation vi 1 t
P _ . . .o a ors
BV! With the specific approval of FBIHQ and the concurrence of the
USMS, an office may conduct such an inquiry.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
1
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L _cu__V.-._;_...--.;.J._92_;..-L. .4.-,', ---_'.'.. _.. -. -o92--92-aL;;I;$_..Q.L-A4LH»1-.;.--cal;.:J4-__._92.. e_~ ~|92J.L.- t. a- _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part IPAGE 76 - 17
76-2.2 Principal Statute - Section 3651- Suspension of Sentence
and Probation
"Upon entering a judgment of conviction of any
punishable by death or life imprisonment, any court having
try offenses against the United States when satisfied that
justice and the best interest of the public as well as the
be served thereby, may suspend the imposition or executionoffense not
jurisdiction to
the ends of
defendant will
of sentence and
place the defendant on probation for such period and upon such terms and
conditions as the court deems best.
Upon entering a judgment of conviction of anyoffense not
punishable by death or life imprisonment, if the maximum punishmentprovided for such offense is more than six months, any court havingjurisdiction to try offenses against the United States, when satisfied
that the ends of justice and the best interest of the public as well as
the defendant will be served thereby, may impose a sentence in excess of
six months and provide that the defendant be confined in a
institution for a period not exceeding six months and that
*"> deems best.jail-type
the execution
of the remainder of the sentence be suspended and the defendant placed onprobation for such period and'upon such terms and conditions as the court '
Probation may be granted whether the offense is punishable byfine or imprisonment or both. If an offense is punishable by both fine
and imprisonment, the court may impose a fine and place the defendant onprobation as to imprisonment. Probation may be limited to one or more
counts or indictments, but, in the absence of express limitations, shall
extend to the entire sentence and judgment.
s llThe court may revoke or modify any condition of probation or
may change the period of probation. The period of probation, togetherwith any extension thereof, shall not exceed five years.
"While on probation and among the conditions thereof, thedefendant may be required to pay a fine in one or several sums; and may berequired to make restitution or reparation to aggrieved parties for actualdamages or loss caused by the offense for which conviction was had; and
may be required to provide for the support of any persons,support he is legally responsible. S l 'for whose
"The defendant's liability for any fine or other punishmentimposed as to which probation is granted, shall be fully discharged by thegm fulfillment of the terms and conditions of probation."
. ya. _:4
fw
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - 18
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/39
762.3 Definition
For Bureau purposes, a probation violator fugitive is a subjectfor whom a probation violator bench! warrant was issued by a U.S.District Court and whose location is unknown at the time the warrant is
issued.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
7642.4 Requests for Assistance
! Investigation should not be initiated by an office.| If assistance is requested, any such requests should, afterl8/ll/88,| be" W referred to the USMS. Specific FBIHQ approval must be obtained and USHS*L 5 concurrence and very unusual circumstances must exist for FBI involvement" without a substantive violation. '
I ! If, after|8/ll/88,|a new PBV subject, within the primaryjurisdiction of the USMS also becomes an FBI substantive fugitive, ofcourse, we will seek his/her apprehension under the substantive case, but"O0" must advise the USM in the district holding the warrant of its -fugitive involvement and notify USM's office promptly upon apprehension.This notification will, of course, not change the existing procedure ofadvising the USM in the district where-the subject is located.
I ! Should, afterl8/11/88;la PBV within the responsibility ofthe USMS become a suspect in an FBI substantive case and "00" desires toactively seek the subject's apprehension under the ongoing substantivematter, this may be done provided the USMS is notified and the fugitiveaspects of the case are an FBI-USMS coordinated effort. Of course, whenthe fugitive is apprehended or eliminated as a suspect in the substantivecase which no longer demands FBI fugitive involvement, the appropriate USM
must be notified.
! If any subject of an existing USMS responsibility PBVmatter is wanted as a fugitive in an FBI substantive case, the existing"76" case should be consolidated and handled as a dual character
substantive case.0'--.-3 . ,._:-ti Q J. ! If for some reason it should become imperative for an "00"
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - 19
to initiate a "76" PBY! fugitive investigation, involving a nonFBI case,
advise FBIHQ on a UACB basis of the facts demanding FBI involvement.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-2.5 Preliminary Investigation
In addition to the usual fugitive investigation, the followingsources should be contacted at the outset of the investigation to obtain
information of lead value.
! The U.S. Probation Officer to whom the subject was placed
under supervision.
! The USM to whom the warrant was forwarded.
EFFEcT1vE:>09/20/89
76-2.6 Apprehension or Location92
! When a probation violator is apprehended violator should beturned over to the nearest USM. If located in custody, the USH should beadvised of violators location. I
! In addition, the nearest U.S. Probation Officer should be
notified of the subject's apprehension or location.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76-2.7 Prosecution
Probation violation is a nonprosecutable offense. Whenapprehended, the court may revoke the probation and require the subject toserve the original sentence imposed, or any lesser sentence, and ifimposition of sentence was suspended, may impose any sentence which might
originally have been imposed.
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' ' -_ --. A . . 4=.'I.--92.-->~..a -- 92" e I '. ' _- . _ __ -.....92_.-...,._I...._...-.-n......;._.la>_,_.~..st...l..r.;.r.za.._e.._._..=_-__._..~ _,..-.a-_-_...-_l._._.- -._.-_i_.,.;....._...__,.-=.l..._._92 .__.._. ..__.__...
."92:
i 1Q S .. Cgw _ ensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 76 - 20
EFFECTIVE: O9/20/89
762.8 Office of Origin
The office of origin shall be that office in whose territory theprobation violator warrant was issued for the subject.
EFFECTIVE: O9/10/79
76*2.9 Reporting Procedures See MIOG, Part I, 25-1O, 76*l.8,76-3.13, 83'12, 115-7 & Part II, 21-Z9.!
! Upon initiating a probation violator investigation,two copies of an FD-65 must be promptly forwarded to|FBIHQ, and onecopy submitted directly to the Savannah Information Technology Centerii - SITC!,|by the office of origin. Upon the fugitive's apprehension or= location, the locating office must promptly notify FBIHQ by teletype at least ROUTINE in precedence!, followed by Form FD515 entry intothe Integrated Statistical Reporting and Analysis Application ISRAA!.The office of origin must ensure that all auxiliary offices are
notified by teletype to discontinue. _
! As a general rule, Prosecutive Reports are notrequired in probation violator cases and, therefore, are not to besubmitted to FBIHQ unless a specific request is made for same.
EFFECTIVE: 10/11/94
762.lO Character
Probation Violator PBV!. The original substantive offense
should not be included in the character.!
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I ' PAGE 76 - 21
76-3 PAROLE VIOLATORS AND MANDATORY RELEASE VIOLATORS
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
763.1 Background
I By Department of Justice directive dated|8/ll/88,|the U.S.
Marshals Service USMS! was given the responsibility for apprehending allparole Violators PV!, Title 18, USC, Sections 4202&207, and 5037, andmandatory release violators MRV!, Title 18, USC, Sections 4161-4166, whenreferred for assistance by the U.S. Parole Commission USPC!. With thespecific approval of FBIHQ and the concurrence of the USMS and USPC, an
office may conduct such an inquiry.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
I ,
763.2 Principal Statutes
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89 T
76-3.2.1 Section 4202. Adult Prisoners Eligible for Parole
"A Federal prisoner, other than a juvenile delinquent or acommitted youth offender, wherever confined and serving a definite term or
terms of over one hundred and eighty days, whose record shows that he hasobserved the rules of the institution in which he is confined, may bereleased on parole after serving one-third of such term or terms or after
serving fifteen years of a life sentence or of a sentence of over
fortyfive years."
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
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_ u n. .-s-. A ml-_.:.;...:.;.L:-:;:.;;2;.4='-I-..x;;vs.;;-1;.:L-.l;-;_.;...'._.._." "L.'..'.'.;._.-.._w_._"'..t.-i_c ..-..1.l .-.........-......_.__.u, ,. _- , , .
P" .1
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 22
76-3.2.2 Section 5017. Release of Youth Offenders
" a! The Division may at any time after reasonable notice to the
Director release conditionally under supervision a committed youth
offender. When, in the judgment of the Director, a committed youthoffender should be released conditionally under supervision he shall so
- report and recommend to the Division.
" b! The Division may discharge a committed youth offenderunconditionally at the expiration of one year from the date of conditional
release.
" c! A youth offender committed under Section 5010 b! of thischapter shall be released conditionally under supervision on or before theexpiration of four years from the date of his conviction and shall be "discharged unconditionally on or before six years from the date of his
conviction.
" d! A youth offender committed under Section 5010 c! of this' - chapter shall be released conditionally under supervision not later thani 7* two years before the expiration of the term imposed by the court. He may "" be discharged unconditionally at the expiration of not less than one year
from the date of his conditional release. He shall be dischargedunconditionally on or before the expiration of the maximum sentenceimposed, computed uninterruptedly from the date of conviction.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
76"3.2.3 Section 5037. Parole of Juvenile Delinquents
- A juvenile delinquent who has been committed and who, by his/herconduct, has given sufficient evidence that he/she has reformed, may be
released on parole at any time under such conditionsand regulations as the|USPC|deems proper if it shall appear to thesatisfaction of such]Commission92that there is reasonable probability thatthe juvenile will remain at liberty without violating the law.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
- .;.,. 3;-<:i- ;/
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 -
76"3.2.4 Section 4164. Mandatory Released Prisoner Treated as
Parolee -
A prisoner having served|his/herlterm or terms less good time
deductions shall, upon release, be deemed as if released on parole until
the expiration of the maximum term or terms for which
he/she|was sentenced less one hundred and eighty days.
92
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
763.3_ Definition
|A parole or mandatory release violator fugitive is a
subject for whom a parole or mandatory release violator warrant has
been issued by the USPC. No other process is necessary and thesewarrants are valid anywhere in the United States or its territories.|
EFFECTIVE: 09/1O/79
763.4 Distinction Between Parole and Mandatory Release p
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
76-3.4.1 Parole
Parole of adult prisoners, youth offenders, and juveniledelinquents is within the discretion of the USPC as provided in Sections
4202, 5017, and 5037 respectively.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - 24
76-3.4.2 Mandatory Release
! Mandatory release is not within the discretion of the USPC.
If not paroled, prisoners have a legal right to be mandatorily releasedeither conditionally or unconditionally, when they have served theirsentence with "good time" and "industrial good time" deducted, provided
their conduct has been satisfactory.
! The amount of "good time" and "industrial good time" aprisoner may acquire is statutory and dependent upon the length of his/her
sentence.
! Section 4161 provides the rate of five days "good time" per
month for prisoners sentenced from six months to one year, six days per
month on sentences of one to three years, and so on up to the maximum
allowance of ten days per month if the sentence is ten years or more.
n ! Section 4162 provides for up to three additional days per,_ month of "industrial good time" for actual employment while incarcerated K . the first year and up to, but not to_exceed, five days per month for any
.;- succeeding year of incarceration.
! If the "good time" and "industrial good-time" earned ismore than 180 days, he/she is conditionally released for this period of"good time" and "industrial good time" earned less 180 days. i
! A conditional release places the individual under the
supervision of a U.S. Probation Officer. If he/she violates theconditions while under supervision, a mandatory release violator's warrant
can be issued for his/her arrest.
! If the "good time" and "industrial good time" earned is 180days or less, the prisoner is unconditionally released after he/she hasserved his/her sentence less "good time" and "industrial good time"
earned.
8! An unconditional release does not place the individual
under the supervision of the USPC, therefore, a mandatory release
violators warrant cannot be subsequently issued.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
QZTQF 76-3.5 Deleted
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE. 76 - 25
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/89
763.6 I Requests for Assistance
! All parole violator and mandatory release violator warrants
are issued by the regional offices of the USPC. Any request for FBIassistance received from the U.S. Probation Officer should be referred to theI USHS after|8/ll/88.] Specific FBIHQ approval, USMS and USPC concurrence, and ivery unusual circumstances must exist for FBI involvement without a
substantive violation.
| ! If, after|8/11/88,|a new PV or MRV subject within theprimary jurisdiction of the USMS also becomes an FBI substantive fugitive,
of course, we will seek his/her apprehension under the substantive case,but "00" must advise the USM in the district holding the warrant of itsfugitive involvement and notify USMs office promptly upon apprehension.
This notification will, of course, not change the existing procedure of< "t advising the USM in the district where the subject is located.
| ! ' Should, after|8/ll/88,|a PV or MRV within theresponsibility of the USMS become a suspect in an FBI substantive case and
"00" desires to actively seek the subject's apprehension under the ongoingsubstantive matter, this may be done provided the USMS is notified and the
fugitive aspects of the case are an FBIUSMS coordinated effort. Ofcourse, when the fugitive is apprehended or eliminated as a suspect in the
substantive case which no longer demands FBI fugitive involvement, the
appropriate USM must be notified.
! If any subject of an existing USHS responsibility PV or MRV
matter is wanted as a fugitive in an FBI substantive case, the existing"76" PV or HRV! case should be consolidated and handled as a dual
character substantive case.
! If for some reason it should become imperative for an "00"
to initiate a "76" PV or HRV! fugitive investigation involving a non-FBIcase, advise FBIHQ on a UACB basis of the facts demanding FBI involvement.
EFFECTIVE: 09/20/09
- - .3 1. Y 2.
,,-_-_;.'.'
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines -Part I PAGE 76 " 26
76-3.7 U.S. Parole Commission Structure
! Through the Parole Commission and Reorganization Act of
5-l4-74, the U.S. Board of Parole became known as the U.S. Parole
Commission. .
I ! |Deleted|
! Starting in May, 1974, its headquarters in Washington,D.C., was abolished and they instituted a policy of decentralization and
region alization through the creation of five regions with headquarter
regional offices established as follows:
Philadelphia Northeast
Atlanta Southeast
Dallas South Central
Kansas City North Central
San Francisco Western
wiq I ! [DeTeted|
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
76-3.8 Preliminary Investigation
In addition to the usual fugitive investigation the followingsources should be contacted at the outset of the investigation to obtain
information of lead value.
! The U.S. Probation Officer to whom the subject was paroled
or released for supervision.
1 ! The USM to whom the warrant was forwarded by the USPC.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
i '1: #7..,-35:1 '
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~77?-I.
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - 27
76-3.9 Apprehension or Location
! when a parole or mandatory release violator is apprehended
he/she should be turned over to the nearest USH. If located in custody,
the USM should be advised of vio1ator's location.
! In addition, the_nearest U.S. Probation Officer should be
notified of the subject's apprehension or location.
EFFECTIVE: 08/21/87
76-3.10 Prosecution
Parole and mandatory release violations are nonprosecutableoffenses. When apprehended, the USPC may modify the terms and conditionsof the parole or revoke the parole and require the prisoner to serve all
or any part of the remainder of the original sentence.
EFFECTIVE: 08/21/87
76-3.11 Youth Offender Subjects
! |Though the Federal Youth Corrections Act FYCA! wasrepealed by the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of l98, Public Law98-473, effective 10/12/84, individuals under the age of 22 being
sentenced before that date upon a guilty plea or conviction were
eligible for special sentencing conditions under the FYCA.
! Prior to 8-1-77, an individual sentenced under the FYCA,
who was released prior to his/her sentence termination date andsubsequently declared a parole or mandatory release violator, could only
be sought as a fugitive until his/her sentence termination date.
! If the subject avoided apprehension until subject'ssentence termination date, the warrant was withdrawn by the USPC and the
fugitive investigation was discontinued.
' ! This policy was based on the USPC regulation that a youth
offender's sentence continues to run from the date of sentencing and theissuance of a parole or mandatory release violator's warrant does not toll
the sentence termination date.V .-,1..2=I . =1-aii431$ .
Sensitive
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.
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 - 28
! As of 8-1-77, a new regulation of the USPC now provides
that the issuance of a parole or mandatory release violator's warrant
tolls the sentence tefmination date of the youth offender if he/she is
charged with absconding from supérvision'or is in escape status.
! Based on this regulation, the fugitive investigation for a
youth offender should not be discontinued upon his/her sentence
termination date if he/she has been charged with absconding from
supervision or is in escape status.
! For those youth offenders who are declared parole or
mandatory release violators and not so charged or in escape status, the
warrant will be withdrawn by the USPC upon his/her sentence termination
date and the Bureau's fugitive investigation will be discontinued at that
time.
EFFECTIVE: 08/21/37
76-3.12 Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act NARA!
The identical USPC regulations, investigative procedures, and
Bureau policy that apply to youth offenders, handled under the FYCA, as
set forth in Section 763.ll, also apply to narcotic addicts, handled
under NARA, who are committed under Section 4253, for an indeterminateperiod of time not to exceed ten years, and are conditionally released
under supervision under Section 425k.
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
76-3.13 Reporting Procedures] See MIOG, Part I, 25-10, 76l.8,
76-2.9, 88-12, 115-7 a Part 11, 21-29.!|
! Upon initiating a parole or mandatory releaseviolator investigation referred to the field, no initial FDr65 or
other communication need be submitted to FBIHQ. Upon the fugitive's
apprehension or location, the locating office must promptly notify
FBIHQ by teletype at least ROUTINE in precedence!, followed by FormFD-5l5|entry into the Integrated Statistical Reporting and AnalysisApplication ISRAA!.| The office of origin must ensure that all
auxiliary offices are notified by teletype to discontinue.
Sensitive
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 76 -
! As a general rule, Prosecutive Reports are not
required in parole and mandatory release violator cases and,
therefore, are not to be submitted to FBIHQ unless a specific request
is made for same.
EFFECTIVE: 11/01/93
763.14 Character
- Parole Violator PV! or Mandatory Release Violator MRV!. The
original offense for which the subject was sentenced should not be carried
in the character.!
EFFECTIVE: 09/10/79
Sensitive
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O- -_.... .-_.-...._.._, 1a.. 92- I-.___-A-__,.;.'.__-_........s._i.-._.:_. it/,v<J"nLl- |J&_l¢-l-.924I92'92,92-1'!-J-Q-n__4 - - .. _ -._ . _.... __
l; zSensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I
SECTION 77.' PAGE 77
BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION - PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENT
WITH SENATE CONFIRMATION; - U.S. COURTS; - DEPARTMENT
OF JUSTICE; - U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE STAFF;
r U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE; '
- DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REIMBURSABLE;
BACKGROUND REINVESTIGATION - DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
77-1 ' GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
These instructions supplement those outlined in Part II,
Section 17 of this manual and pertain to the following
|lsubclassifications andlpositions:
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
771.1 77A: Background Investigation - Presidential Appointment
with Senate Confirmation - Nonreimbursable See MAOP,
Part II, 3-1.1, 3-1.2 and 10-23; MIOG, Part I, 77-3, Part
II, 17-2; Correspondence Guide#Field, 1-17.!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
8!
9!Supreme Court Justice
U.S. Court of Appeals Judge
U.S. District Court Judge
Court of International Trade Judge
U.S. Claims Court Judge
Court of Military Appeals Judge
Court of Veteran Appeals Judge
Attorney General of the U.S.
Director, FBI
10! Administrator/Deputy Administrator, DEA
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 77 - 2
1! Deputy Attorney General
2! Assistant Attorney General
3! U.S. Marshal
4! U.S. Attorney
5! Department of Justice Executive
6! Unspecified Position
I |7ther92
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
If Q 77-1.2 77B: Background Investigation - U.S. Courts - 15 Year 7 |Scope or since the candidate's 18th birthday, whichever~~' is less! -[Reimbursable See HAOP, Part II, 3-1.1, 3-1.2
and 10-23; MIOG, Part I, 77-3, Part II, 17-2, 17-2.1;
Correspondence Guide-Field, 1-17.!
i ! |U.S. Magistrate Judge
! [U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge
1 ! U.S. Bankruptcy Trustee
! U.S. Bankruptcy Administrator
1 ! U.S. Circuit Court Executive
! U.S. District Court Executive]
The above investigations are conducted for the
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.
EFFECTIVE: 12/20/96
Sensitive
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II
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I
I
I
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Manual of
Part IInvestigative Operations and Guidelines
PAGE 77
77-1.3 77C: Background Investigation - U.S. Courts -|1U|
Year|Scope or since the candidate's 18th birthday,
whichever is less! |Reimbursab1e See MAOP, Part II,
3-1.1 3-1.2 and 10-23 MIOG, Part I, 77-3, Part II, 17-2,
172.1; Correspondence,Guide-Field, 1-17.!
!
! I|U.S. Probation Officer|
U.S. Pretrial Services Officer]
! IU.S. Public Defender]
! [Independent Counsel Staff does NOT include the
position of Independent Counsel!
! Other|
EFFECTIVE: 12/20/96
771.4 IDeletedI
EFFECTIVE: 12/20/96
77-1.5 |77E:| Background Investigation IDepartment of Justice |
Nonreimbursable See MAOP, Part II, 3-1.1, 3-1.2 and
lO*23; MIOG, Part I, 77-3, Part II, l7*2; Correspondence
Guide-Field,-1-17.!
I l!Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court FISC! Judge
.1- us -.'¢'.A-H9292a~e':45.§.nLJLl$i92a§;-tPM-s-92&aq!l._.._alJ-92J1.-J-_.-_-' -an... _,=.92..-~_.. _.........-.. -...e=1.._...._--_ .._e._- _- .. .., .1 .. - _..- . . _..
ZL, _ Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 77 -
! Honor Recruit Attorney
! Paralegal Assistant/Specialist
! Executive Office Staffl
EFFECTIVE: 12/O1/93
771.6 I77F: Background Investigation - U.S. Attorney's
OfficeI StaEf! - Reimbursab1eI See MAOP, Part II, 3"1.1,
3-1.2 and 10-23; MIOG, Part I, 77-3, 774.3, Part II,
I I172, 17-2.1;ICorrespondence Guide*Fie1d, 1-17.!
|u.s. Attorney's Office Staff Fie1d!I
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
I 771.7 IDe1etedI
EFFECTIVE: 01/03/97
771.8 I77H:I BackgroundIInvestigation - U.S. Attorney's Office
Attorney!I Reimbursable See HAOP, Part 11,
3-1.1, 31.2 and 10-23; MIOG, Part 1, 77-3,I77-4.3,IPart
II 17-2, 172.1;ICorrespondence GuideFie1d, 1-17.!
! IAssistant U.S. AttorneyI
s! ISpecial Attorneyl
:2 I ! ICross Designated AttorneyI
Sensitive '
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I ' PAGE 77
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
771.9
i
EFFECTIVE:
77*1.1O|77I:| BackgroundlInvestigation| Department of
Justice - Reimbursable See MAOP, Part II, 3-1.1,
3-1.2 and 10-23; MIOG, Part 11,117-2, 17-2.1;|
Correspondence GuideFie1d, 1-17.!
! I
!
! |
! I
!U.S.
Chapt
Admin
12/01/93Trustee]
|Assistant U.S. Trustee|
er 13 Trustee]
istrative Law/Immiratibn Judge]
|0ther|
|77J:| Background Reinvestigation - Department of
Justice [1O|Year - Reimbursable See HAOP, Part II,
3-1.1 3 1.2 ' 7 .
II, 1
1-1- and 10-23, MIOG, Part I, 77-3, 7 -4 11, Pa
17-2.1,|176.8; Correspondence Guide-Field,
! D031Executive|
! DOJ|Attorney|
! Fie1d|Attorney|
! DOJ Staff
! Field Staff
Sensitive
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-QHHF ~ .-:---Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I . - PAGE 77 -
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
77l.11 |77K: Background Reinvestigation - Department of
Justice -|7|Year Reimbursable See MAOP, Part II, 3~1.l,
3-1.2 and 10-23; MIOG, Part I, 77-3, 77"4.11, Part II,
I 172 17-2.1,|l7-6.8; Correspondence GuideFie1d, 1-17.!
| ! DOJ|Executive]
| ! DOJ|Attorney|
1 ! Field|Attorney|
! DOJ Staff
! Field Staff
-
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
||771.l2 77L: Background Reinvestigation Department of Justice -
5 Year Reimbursable See MAOP, Part II, 3-l.l, 3-1.2 and
10-23; MIOG, Part 1, 77-3,|774.1l,|Part 11,
l72,117-2.1, l76.8;|Correspondence Guide-Field, l*l7.!
!
!
!
!
!DOJ Executive
DOJ Attorney
'Field Attorney
DO] Staff
Field Staff
EFFECTIVE: 12/01/93
Sensitive
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I PAGE 77
l|77l.l3 77M:| Background Reinvestigation Department of Justice -
' 3 Year Reimbursable See MAOP, Part II, 3-1.1, 3-1.2 and
10-23; HIOG, Part 1, 77"3,|77-4.11,|Part 11,|11-2, 112.1,
17-6.8;|Correspondence Guide-Field, 1-17.! -
! DOJ Executive
! DOJ Attorney
! Field Attorney
! DOJ Staff
! Field Staff
EFFECTIVE: 12/O1/93
77"2 INITIATION OF INVESTIGATION
! Completed SF86| Questionnaire for Sensitive
Positions!|forms are received from the referral agencies in most
cases. These forms are reviewed by FBIHQ personnellfor conformance
and completeness. Obvious deficiencies are identified and appropriate
leads set forth to resolve inconsistent and/or incomplete information,
in addition to routine investigative leads. The initial investigative
leads are set by FBIHQ, using the SF-86 as a guide.| Any additional
leads discovered by the field during investigation should be set out
expeditiously see Part II, Section l7*3.7 of this manual!.
Individuals conducting investigations should be familiar with Part II,
Sections 17 and 23-6 of this manual and Part II, Section 1O-13.3 of
the Manual of Administrative Operations and Procedures.
| a! For most Presidential appointments 7A cases!,
the completed SF-86 is not received from the referral agency. The
SF86, Supplement to SF-86, Supplemental Instructions for Completing
SF-86, and two copies of the U.S. Department of Justice Tax Check
Waiver are sent directly to the candidate from FBIHQ. It is the
responsibility of the field to gather these forms during the initial
candidate interview and expeditiously forward the original documents,
along with fingerprint cards and a copy of the candidate interview on
FD-302!, to FBIHQ so appropriate leads may be set forth. In order to
ensure prompt handling of the candidate's forms, the initial interview
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92_,
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Part I PAGE 77
of the candidate should be conducted within five ! working days
after receipt of instructions from FBIHQ.
b! Further, the field is responsible for setting
out leads regarding information disclosed by the candidate during
his/her initial interview which does not appear On the SF-86.|
|!| Investigations in these categories are usually
ordered by teletype or airtel and must be given
expeditious attention. .
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
77-3
771.13.!preferential and
SCOPES or INVESTIGATION See MIOG, Part I, 77-1.1 through
Investigations in these categories should include arr
investigation required in Part II, Section 17 of this manual, unless
otherwise noted. The type of BI will be set out in the opening
communication by subclassification. The scopes
77 subclassifications are as follows:of investigation for
l! 77A Covers the candidate s adult life, since age
18.
! 77B Covers the past 15 years
life or since age 18, whichever is less, but in
! years.
! 77C - Covers the past 10 years
life or since age 18, whichever is less, but in
! years.
! Deleted
~ ! 77E - Covers the past 10 years
life or to age 18, whichever is less, but in no
years.
years
in no! 77F Covers the past 10
life or to age 18, whichever is less, but
years.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98of the candidate's
no case less than two
of the candidate's
no case less than two
of the candidate's
case less than two!
of the candidate's
case less than two !
9292._ ,_-..._...;;a.'..-<.-.L-.-.-.1:*,;;:.-;.;v.;92.'.s.:-:.,.;.r.u:1;a:_4..;.-s.:....-1.... -..._. -__...._. _ -¢_§-'_§I ._.-...-....-it ...-..¢..1 _.--. y.M. ... -.-t_....- ..- , ....__-....r...,.. . .. ... .-. -_ .. r_ if
CI !Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and
Part I
8!
age
9!
age77H
life, or to
life, or to
0! 773
life.
1!
employee's life.
2! 77L
employee's life.
3! 77M
employee's life.
EFFECTIVE: 01/03/97|De1eted|
- Covers
18, whichever
771 - Covers
18, whichever
- Covers
77K - Covers
- Covers
Coversthe past
is less.
the past
is less.
the past
the past
the past
the pastGuidelines
10 years of the
10 years of the
10 years of the
seven ! yearsPAGE
candidate's
candidate's
employee's
of the
five ! years of the
three ! years
I 773.1 , |Revised and renumbered as 774.3|
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
1 77-3.2 [Revised and renumbered as 774.4|
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
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7 __|
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Part I ~ PAGE 77 10
773.3 |Revised and renumbered as 77-4.5|
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
773.4 [Revised and renumbered as 774.2|
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
77-4 |ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIVE GUIDELINES
In addition to investigation required in Part II, Section
17 of this manual, the following investigation must be conducted:
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
774.1 Issues/Derogatory Information Developed
During any BI, regardless of the scope of investigation
and/or the questions, issues or derogatory information developed
should be fully investigated and brought to a logical conclusion.
This includes a candidate's admission of illegal or unusual activity
prior to the scope of the BI.
EFFECTIVE§ 07/02/93
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. -1; R._,_
Z11, .. _ .. ., '...'_;.-_...._'.»..=..i._-.sc_.. _ - -;..._._-.-.._;»....<~_-,.r..._...-_... .._ _..s.....-.-_."...- ..-. 92- - a _ a-.-..-.|.'-|-._.92____._._4_~~--mm»; 4. .. ..
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I PAGE 77
||77-a.2| Qualifications ,
|In all cases concerning Federal judgeships including
U.S. Bankruptcy and U.S. Magistrate Judges!, other Presidential
appointments and attorney positions, ascertain the overalll
qualifications of the candidates, as well as character, loyalty,
reputation, etc. Specific comments from each person interviewed
should be set forth in the report. In cases concerning|U.S.
Bankruptcy Judge and U.S. Trustee positions, alsolobtain comments
concerning the candidate's experience in bankruptcy matters.
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
77-4.3 Prescreening Reports| See MIOG, Part I, 77-1.6 & 771.8,
Part 11, 17-2, 172.1;!|'
' Candidates under consideration for field positions in the
U.S. Attorneys Offices 7Fs and 77Hs! undergo a prescreening process
in most cases. Contact should be made with the U.S. Attorney's Office
where the candidate will serve in order to review the prescreening
report and interview the Administrative Officer to obtain any
information of interest to our investigation. g
EFFECTIVE: 12/O1/93
||774.4| Bar Membership/Certified Public Accountant CPA! Status
If|the|candidate is an attorney or CPA, determine if
|he/shelis licensed to practice in every state where the candidate has
lived or worked since comp1eting|his/her|professional education.Check grievance committee records in any state where thelcandidatelis
or has been licensed. It is not necessary to verify membership in
voluntary associations such as the American Bar Association. When
verifying that the candidate is licensed to practice, the following
statement must appear: VThe abovenamed agency is the licensing
agency for attorneys or CPAs! in the State| or Commonwea1th!|of
state name!."
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EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
774.5 Judicial and Other Positions Requiring Senate
Confirmation See MIOG, Part I, 77-4.6 and 77-4.9.!,
Captioned positions require a more in*depth investigation
which must encompass the following in addition to investigative
instructions set out in Part II, Section 17 of this manual:
|!|Verify the candidate's ownership of all real estate,
and check deed s! for any covenants regarding race, religion, etc.
' |!]Check records of county clerk or equivalent! to
determine if any personal, tax or mechanical liens exist. If so,
fully explain. Do not contact Internal Revenue Service for any
details regarding federal tax liens, as this is done by the referral
agencies. -
|!|When applicable, determine the candidate's
professional reputation, legal ability, types of cases handled, trial
experience, courtroom demeanor, reputation for fairness, temperament,
bias or prejudice against any group, and ability to weigh conflicting
testimony and make factual determinations through:
' a! Interviews of.six ! attorneys who are
acquainted with the candidate, to include three ! attorneys with
whom the candidate associates and three ! who have opposed, or have
appeared before, the candidate in court;
b! Interviews of three ! federal, state and
local judges familiar with the candidate; and
- c! Interviews of the chief federal judge and the
U.S. Attorney in the district where the candidate will serve, if
appointed. "
| Interview the candidate's personal physician_regarding the candidate's health Senate confirmation cases only!.
]!|Identify all organizations to which the candidate
belongs or has belonged, including private and social clubs. Obtain
information from an official about the membership policy of the
92
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.1 .. .. .- ..;.92...=_.-_.;-.>: .;._'|.. .. 4 ._;._. =. .4 - .. _..92'_..,!_'_'._1.i-._|.._..-92;-2.2.»...-.4.- ---H... ' .11.. I_-L..._.._.... . _;..,_ - ._. ..
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I PAGE 77
organization with regard to race, religion, sex, etc. Ensure the
possibility of de facto discrimination is explored. If the
organization has/had a discriminatory membership policy, determine
whether the candidate participated in changing or attempting to changethe policy. ' A
|!|Interview local and state chairpersons of both major
political parties Senate confirmation cases only!.
|!|Interview local religious and labor leaders in the
candidate's geographic area, only when instructed to do so by FBIHQ.
|!|Interview leaders of prominent minority/civil rights
groups such as the NAACP, National Urban League, NOW or others that
are active in the candidate's geographic area. Identify the position
held by the interviewee within the organization.
| 9![Interview three ! local, state and/or federal law
enforcement officials in the district where the candidate will serve,
if appointed. Agents are encouraged to interview representatives of
agencies other than the FBI. See MAOP, Part I, Section 1-l5.3!.!
| lO!|Review files of appropriate federal regulatory agency
if the candidate is or was employed in a regulated business e.g.,
banking, brokerage firm, etc.!.
|1!|Review any articles written by, or speeches made by
the candidate for indications of bias or prejudice regarding race,
color, religion, gender, etc. Ensure that the text of any articles
or speeches that indicate, or could be construed to indicate, bias are
enclosed with the report.! '
|2!|In those cases requiring Senate confirmation,
Washington Metropolitan Field Office will interview the U.S. Senators
from the state where the candidate will serve and will review U.S..
Secret Service and, if appropriate, Office of Inspector General
Investigations! and Public Integrity Section, DOJ files. If
past/current DOJ employee, also review Office of Professional
Responsibility and personnel files as appropriate.
| l3!|Review records of the state judicial review
committee/board, if candidate is/was a city or state judge. Also,
review county/state election commission files, if the judge was
elected to the position.
J
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Part I PAGE 77
EFFECTIVE: 06/04/96
77-.6 U.S. Attorney/U.S. Marshal Update BIs
! An understanding has been established with the
Department of Justice DOJ! concerning the Bls of U.S. Attorneys and
U.S. Marshals who are being considered for reappointment to their
current positions, and who have been the subjects of previous FBI BIs
as outlined in 77"4.5.
! The update Bls should be limited to specific areas
identified as follows: '
a! Credit and arrest checks concerning the'
candidate;
b! U.S. Attorney's Office record checks concerning
the candidate;
c! Interviews of neighbors at employee's present
residence and other residences since the previous investigation, last
five ! years only;
d! Interviews of the chief Federal judge and two
! other Federal judges, and the-clerkfof the court in the
candidate's district;
e! Interview of the U.S. Attorney in the
candidate's district U.S. Marshal candidates!;
f! Interviews of the candidate's listed references
and associates;
Interviews of at least three ! officials of g!
Federal agencies;
Interviews of at least three
in the candidate's district; h!
chiefs and sheriffs! local police
i! Check of appropriate DOJ records Office of
Professional Responsibility, Office of the Assistant Inspector General
for Investigations; Public Integrity Section and Official Personnel
Sensitive
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* ' . PAGE 77 -Part I p.f_ ,
File!; We
l Tj! State bar and grievanceichects U.S. Attorne§*??" '§ Ag'1"' ,,1=-4.
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j k! FBI record checks concerning the candidate,
close relatives and cohabitants. ,-. é
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
77*4.7 U.S. Trustee and Other Trustee Positions
__ >7 .,",.92,y:r~._- . it ,3; _92_% _;,:.__1, .5 {:5 .
These positions also require a more inrdepth investigation@@ "* - | -' rpwhich must encompass the following in addition to investigative 1"
instructions set out in Part II, Section 17 of this manual: 3'}
_ - ' _ _ 3,, Lia...' 1 .|!|When-applicable, determine the candidate s3 Q.
professional reputation,_1ega1 ability, types of cases_handled, triai_w.1
experience, courtroom demeanor, reputation for fairness,_temperamentf *
bias against social classes of citizens, members of any group r
religious, ethnic or racial!, etc., through the followingEE&-
of three ! creditor representatives
individual, usually an attorney, who'
at a bankruptcy hearing! who have a!, Interviews
a creditor representative is an
represents a creditor's interest
knowledge of the candidate; * i
b! Interviews of two ! bankruptcy judges before
whom the candidate has appeared and/or who have knowledge of the lggvcandidate; I " . I QFI
c! Interview of the Chief U.S. Bankruptcy Judge of
the district in which the candidate would serve, if appointed;'. I .
>---".~ " '- . ' -"'9' ". ,.~ . Uri, :;.§ 2if the candidateiis or'was emp1oyedin a regulated busines§¢ i.e.%§k gel?
-1
155%
i i |Review fi1g;"';pf -appropriate_.feder=al,:}'egulatoryQ. -.7-K ._,.> __ _» ,;__":;_,i,;,_._=__
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' -. . . " .' . y ."1- ?> a;~ja*vP%3%».¬%¢ -w~.774.8 Administrative Law/Immigrationcludge Positionsf § :$5' ¢§-~?- a".- , _ - _ _ . . r_l ;.'_,;1_;¢§%_;¢.._';'_*_':;|_"' ,,___ ¬ ' v '. , k v . - . , _ ,s,§w#;i,;§;'},&.&-§.,_, g;._¬_.J: ;. aA.. -. mi I
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_ __ _ _ __ _ p K, . . _ - ..., gig _;:.g.' 1:15..' . - " . - -" --E -: --as - F15!
for the/administration and interpretation of the.immig?ati3§Wjausfgg ,_.'. '~'.-~ - -'1 . ~a. ""~w*r"~ . *"r ' . er me¢v.?.iThe Adminrstrative Law and Immigration Judges act independentlyrin **%q§§ga§J
administratively flnalQigigY3P§é3i?d%§§@CfIt1f1ed to.the.Board of _ iadgq. is . *5"-E.-_ ~.._~,-: ;- * _. 'c'_ -'_. -71; J , Q, =1. -- '. .their decision-making capacity, and th¬i?rdBC1S1OnS are§§3§»- .a,a¢@§@$§§;F. --..§§' The Executive Office for Immigration Review isQresponsib1é@ #d%§§§%%- q_ . ._ ,.. . . ,6,Mn 'Ru0'-'-;"»w-
Immigration Appeals.1=These quasirgudicial positions alsoqrequire a~. ' F # »
more in-depth investigation which must encompass the f0l1Owing in- _
addition to investigative instructions set out in Part II, Section 17
of this manual: _
i - | l!|When applicable, determine the candidate's- " "
professional reputation, legal ability, types of cases handled, trial a
experience, courtroom demeanor, reputation for fairness, temperament, j M_qbias against social classes of citizens members_of any group 3 Q _a$e»P@;j?@~&@§§§§§§I -.~i
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a! Interview of the Chief
Officer Administrative Haw Judge candidates lgg? b! Interview of the Chief
" Immigration Judge candidates only!; and
c! Interviews of three ! developed sources
individuals not provided by the candidate! who have, to the extent
practical, knowledge of the candidate's professional reputation, etc.
EFFECTIVE: 06/04/96 .. I . . .1. ~:~1.__._Administrative Hearing '~"';d ~%@§" A- , . . .».>*?§j$%%E:only! 5" . -' . e "--?§.'§E§{'7',';Q[.i;
M . I g{NW -d_:r__,,_,:~ .§_& . . ii -I-1. .a;."."~.»-'1 1Immigration Judge " '*~¢h$§@§§%mQ§§4!. ~ A .
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imp
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| 77-4.9 U.S. Bankruptcy and U.S. Magistrate Judge Positions
, ,
U.S.Bankruptcy and U.S. Magistrate Judge positions dp_not@% r_ ~1'-K .
._ __,i.., y
_ require Senate confirmation'_however*~they are ]udicia}§§§§ition§§§d§§%§g%%§§%%§$1§§. *-- . -- '~-4» . .- - . ~ .. ~~- .92 ,.;k*&§?< -1~---:--'..=»;.¢.v.~92 < __ x - ,1 r 2 , .- ..I-..»;! 33' - - A; -,:¢i.92-"i¢Lf_-§tai92f¬_ "require a more in-depth investigationl* In addition to 1nves:igai1veF? figa¬§;"3 f;,;§in=tru<='=i°'§$" set .<=_11t-1.i..'¥..-§_e.fF;-'-II» '$<-=¢ti.6n 17 of Iinvestigation as set out in377;4.5 of this section sohld be_cond§ct¬d§P§@ @%§%@5?$§
in these Bls, unless otherwise indicated.~ - 5f " ;§%;§
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and
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. ,- 92
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EFPTECIIVE: 07/02/93 _.§__ a _ a
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~ ;~ _ : .-'_.:-~._-."_~ K-'--;: -4; ;.'H_ ".~ n; --. 7 -- -_ '-_-. - . . . -- - . - -._+-~.-» - I . ~'3'.?>i!£@,'*"t§@1-"'5?' ! The scope of the reinvestigation of a Federal Judge . *§w¬§g#é
under consideration
limited to specific
a!
candidate; . 1 .. Iareas identifiedias follows: - ~
Credit and arrest checks concerning the_
I b! Interviews of the neighbors at the candidate's_ _
present residence and other residences since the previous? ?*??¥%¥
investigation, last five ! years only;
- c!
grievance'records;Verification of state bar membership and check '
d!" Interviews of the chief Federal judge and three
! other Federal judges district and appellate! in the candidate's
district, _ a %&J r QV
I 'ng§@$§¢.te
_ e! Interviews of three ! attorneys in private _
practice who have appeared before the candidate or who have knowledge '
f! Interviews of the U.S. Attorney and the U.S.
Marshal in the candidate's district; _ .e p ." g
arm
_' . I _ r _- . - ="'_.~.** --.*'. A._.,- ,3-.3 __=»-»'.'_"p' 1:» '=-_I: 92§~':?""= 'i,-= s _,_-I. ._r-~.:-'_ ', ,1. Hfor an appointment to a Special Tribunal is 5 - jg
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club or organization in which the candidate holds membership to
determine if the organization has[had a discriminatory membership Y._.. M s P<=1i==y; . I in L' . .. -
_'__I,j-_q;,'_, " - , .- i 1'!-'7 92 , i », H» -"'1- %§@f;§~; ~ h!- Review_pf appropriatefrec0rd§@at§t Pr. .3--1'-: -' ,~- - "I-I 1* iv'*~"1-,;.'§* :t~ -_-1; =.92"~§7" iv-I-'' :*f,*§-
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I ' - " - - -> _ i! FBI record checks concerning the candidate, . Eég
es
sési~én#. - . I ' __ - _, .11., __ _! r _ U , =_.;_. - J» ag _ RF,! This BI is not an appraisal of the candidate's ,'u»¬*¬£Q mi?
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_comments concerning the candidate s character, associates, _repptati_on,__ ._-__,e,,§.'§._'=,
dictates in any B-I, should unfavorab1_e information __be developed during*§'§.L' ' -. . . . ~. -. . .- " -'. ' . . - L . -»,. ,3. ..:f":@_;. ,-. ,,1~£> . 1;,-f, the course of the" investigation, additional '1!'!V8$t1gat1OI'l willbe's,wzs:,"r=:§1j##-F75**;§,?,,;;.;,§§§conducted as necessary to resolve any issues developed. _;,,- A,.. ; .
'* £"T
- . . - -_ . .. - ..., .. . , i, __.._,___ ,.~._v. ,._, _z~5._.. ,loyalty, discretion, personal demeanor, i1legal drug use, prescription E.-1. q -92;'=?53.§?§'¥;s;:£$ - ' ' "--'-- ,92,;;:..drug/alcohol " abuse , financial respons ibi 1 i ty, and;_;b'i §és'.1*""A§i "131-'a6eaure_;l. ' i '1 -_ . ~ . _ . V _ _ '.. . -92..-:.-,-.gE<:J'2. . ',_"_7- J E..._<...=,_.= <- i"i"3's!.'
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18 7.
"is:. . ._ . . . ..-. ..r %%&sssqualifications should not be elicited. This-BI should seek to obtain " -i _==>--_ _ . ' -...<>~-. ;- e - I I v ,j~§.".*.*»-!N __._.:_0 » - .47 it-7971?
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EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93 .--.;.92-.. 1» . 92_.§" - '.'..'. 92 92 ir-'-'1. '-'-v"3,.!-2'., _ Tu: .1 ..;._92.._-3;'- ~ ' . l
77-4.11 Background Reinvestigation for D01 Positions 71-H! See
| nxoc, Part I,|77l.l092through9277-1.13,|Part 11, 176.a.! Q:
In addition to investigative instructions set out inPaArt;:M
II, Section 17 of this manual, ensure the investigation includes at _
least three ! developed sources individuals not provided bythe
employee! who have, to the extent practical, social knowledge of_'.¬ _
candidate. Developed sources may include__other associates, co-w ork_eJrs_p;._,_ peers/support employees!, etc. Also, review the Official Perso_niiem'1§4%%¬§;.f"File and other appropriate files at DOJ, and interview supervisor s!'H ""' and co"-workers within the scope of the BI. 0 ' . _ 'w92_
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Each candidate/emp1oyee|must be interviewed. Du'rin'g
interview, he/she should be '., Q. t-c.-~;is;%%I 77*5 INTERVIEW °F|CANDIDATE/EHPL9YEE92 . .., -..r- .._ .. n mi. i?§§i§??E%§vI I iii;
Iprovided with the :¢11¢¬}ii1g information: ~
| ! The FBI will
. information which others, wi~ - - ..~.,,.,'_-_p,.- . - . .- ,4
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_ . i. . _-_-.,. :.;§=hq$.e
.{Fmbe conducting a]BI|to develop p
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?@§§* v -| - ! The FBI is not restricted in thelBI|only to . H ,1 y'-3.§_"_,m information solicited by the SFr36 or any other form submittedfifix iQ? ' . - - " ' := i*= "
:': _, '! ».... - ..-. 1. ' --7 r g. .-. -- - -vs ' 9..-,.*-. ,92 ':- _,- ,__._,....- ,,~... - -* -- $.15 =~_ e . ' . .=-5. v.1- v' .-* - - --- - . . -. I O ,, '__ -.', ~-,-" r11,~¢onsider_.in deter?mining,suitabi1itY for . .. ~ _ , - as ~. .-: . _ " ~ * J-1". J =."-~11.-_-=»*.1?-Z;,'~-'_.'~£--2: -" '_ -'reappointment. I -' = t ~: :_ _ _ ' ">u -. -" if-~;.-~1.=m.?*? ' i en » " -' L, .>~',~'<=.'.».1~',.>_i-. " 33*" E"?-11 ++ <".»92§
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manual must be covered during the interview.|
¢ -'- r.» P.-E51. _l-L ._'a . -
EFFECTIVE: O7/O2/93 . ~
|[77-61 REPORTING RESULTS or INVESTIGATION *
, _ _ .--s-. .. -y -.»¢-= »»'.=s. ....§n. »s' mm? .a>-_ 3. ~.;¢. ~w.Jd ¥ was-'*~§ .e - - --" - . ' S1¢f'1:1¥-.=.-.§'»- is».:<e,'r¢§*-.2-1.i3"§,92§i,',",.,l:,,:r{*;.~#:..s.i, J1-ii ..,-.- .-.._!;_,s--_,~,~;; ;¢,-_;;_.;,,-_»P"Z'r;§ i,-M=._= . . . _! _;.I_-i_.,»~,;-,.-,§...-.,'1f;_§ -.,-..¢~_;J . _ §¬¬._#:j1:;=¢._;fé_r._;--¥_]@f~_:._;;§;~§.§j,;=,?j>>~ .7. 5:_';92;.h ..~;; . .-92- _ ~ :7 ~. f ,-;_ 5 -did}. ~_ I. '_ J ._;.-L-kg:- .» . .,_. 92 _. *-
! All investigation must be submitted in investigative
report format. This is to include unsuccessful attempts to locate}
individuals for interview and any investigative results previously set '
out in airtel or teletype. All investigation ingthese matters is for-w
other Government agencies and can only be forwarded by report. Each ,
interview must contain statements regarding financial responsibility 1
and whether or not the interviewee is aware of any past/present '
illegal drug use or prescription drug/alcohol abuse by the candidate. _
! Reports should be organized to follow in general the 5.
sequence presented in Part II, Section 17-6 of this.manual. All z
categories of interviews i.e., neighborhood, employment, educationl ;=; must be preceded by headings. Additionally, block headings should 5" Qtseparate each residence and employment and should include|the|name of g*"employing firm/residence address, city/state, and dates of employment
or residence as indicated by candidate on92thelSF-86.o_If'a discrepancy
is found in dates during the investigation, the field office should -
underline the dates obtained|during thelinvestigation. _This will-indicate to FBIHQ that the discrepancy is not the result of a . _¢_typographical error. Lengthy reports| more than 25 pages!|should '
inc1ude_a tab1e_of contents. If an interview would logically falln : ;;}under severalyheadings i.e., a reference who is also aineighborl§3 'N':report the interview fully under one heading and crossrreference underF*;*
any other appropriate headings. I A ;. !_ 3 ,;p§- .». i» ~wr-2* * -"z¢e%
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. _ . _ -' =.. I-2'1-; - ' ~~ '92.~.'||777l , P0LiTiciL|i§§iiiAT10u| .i ' _i$§j§fl-r - - --1 -.1ail./*,.<..;¢ . l! onessential references to a candidate's affiliationwith any political party should be omitted; '" * 'T"T '. ? ~.,,._.-'
- . , .._ . __ .. _
be included. An essential reference is onewhich suggests a possible
inclination on the part of the candidate to use the position he or she
is seeking for personal political benefit or one which would reflect
on the candidate's ability to perform his or her duties fairly without
regard to political affiliation or influence. Also, previouscandidacy for or occupancy of public office or office in a political
party, or personal or political association with an occupant of_public
or party office would be essential.92
- > - 92-ea i .. __. ""I'.a ._ 1%....- ' W ".??."§:Y:vn" A _, ..
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93 _
|77-8| REQUEST FOR INVESTIGATION on NAME CHECK FROM FEDERAL A -
JUDGE| See MAOP, Part 11, 94.2.2!.|. :2 .-if-'l?> --
§%§£
f_I'_7 1' Q-:3 Iuse s s =
Investigations are conducted only at the specific request
of referral agencies and can only be initiated by FBIHQ. Anylrequestby a|Federal judge|for a BI|should be respectfullylforwarded to FBIHQ = -
for referral to the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. At the
request of a Federal judge, the names of persons being considered for
court positions can be searched through field office indices and
pertinent information furnished to the judge. Care should be
. exercised in ordertto fully protect any informant; technique or
source.H +."
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.Part I PAGE 77 -
' 92 _ 1...»- i "-6.1-f =i..:;,= L||77 9| STATU§%l§QUIRIBS 7 _ Jtégg. .Jg%%§§%%¥%§
gT@y_ If any|outside|inquirieslare received concerning the g{;f§?§#*i*;4;status of a|BI,lno comment should be made concerning the progress"or* h .i'completion of the investigation. The caller should be politely i '**"
referred to the agency requesting the|BI|for a determination ofthe|BI|status. - ' - E M
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93
||7110| PRIVACY ACTl PA!|REQUIREMENTS :
! when interviewing individuals under this
classification for information concerning themselves or theirg@§Q3 activities, the interviewing Agent must follow the procedures Yin"
described in Part I, 190-5 ! and ! of this manual. --1:1 ?,=;:':-~i.2-'jj-i ,7. ma , .. E'-:~ .:-w- l _! When interviewing an individual to|elicitlinformation
concerning someone else thereby classifying that individual as a
source of information!, the interviewing Agent must follow theprocedure relating to promises of confidentiality as described in Part
I, 190-7 of this manual. |When the interviewee requestsconfidentiality under the PA, the level of confidentiality must beclearly set forth in the document recording the results @£.nne""'-
interview. Refer to Part II Section 1745.4 of this manual for
additional instructions.
4 1~. *
EFFECTIVE: 07/02/93;!:_4 ;- - -
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SECTION 78. ILLEGAL USE OF GOVERNMENT TRANSPORTATION
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The principal Federal statutes under which the illegal use of
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the U.S. Code, the only one relating solely to Government transportation
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the Government for requesting a common carrier to furnish transportation ;_ $mon account of the United States or any department or agency thereof, or_i%§f%;?$_S¬%§§knowingly alters any form or request provided by the Government for Krequesting_a common carrier to furnish transportation on account of the:§$
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f Title 18 USC Section 508. -. authorized prosecution under the provisions o , ,- - ' es . .";3This is called to your attention because Section_3056, Title 18, I
specifically states that the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized toF,_ . I _'..- _ - _._ _ _, _~, ..-__.-$.51-=.;..-~-;f;,,,{,__¢;! ~ _ -.~ -;.-.92-...S t Service to detect, arrest, andrdeliverg-.i§tp£;q@¥;5§%%§g%
direct and use the U.S. ecre . H o J _ ,. p. 4- ~- -= ~ . . -~ - _ - - . -. » ~-»-=1» - E1;-'i%»x.?.-»*i"$3f>#i.-1;.-i-.»_1~.¢fr.925'> -.'"-Ncustody any person violating any of the provisions.of Section 508. fVL3m%%¢%;4h@;@%@ .
involving a violation of Section ; acc i g y, _ H._ _ _ - _ we -' -..-.2t__,,_,_' ;~.~_.t_ - - k
received indicating a violation V b
counterfeiting of Government transportation requests; such'information _l508 ord'n 1 where information is
of that section, particu1arlyFthe¢> _. .
h ctive field offices to the nearest.; should be submitted by t e respe .a
representative of the U.S. Secret Service. n; __:
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/73
92
78-3 MISCELLANEOUS
_ , - T. »-:&;¢1 , _!. -In any case in which Government transportation requests Xissued to Bureau employees are reppy _¬ _w WW ' " * '' - - - - . <.< -*1 =15 - -.. 1-c-_-¢-92
In the event the investigation is based upon the'theqrygofiP _ ,;g$%' --rs -P" . ~'- 2--a-'2'.---'z;;» - -*-:<;;.»*-=;.-
i be conducted in conformity_Hithhthe@sugge§k..-;~;-- 92-:4 - .1.5,-2.-_ -.75 . .. .._... .. .
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{AUh-___Sensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines JPart I PAGE 79
SECTION 79. MISSING PERSONS X
791 92CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES cJ1s! DIVISION ronnsntv was IDENTIFICATION DIVISION !92n1ss1uc PERSON
PROGRAM
EFFECTIVE: 12/02/94
79"l.l Background Information l! From 1933 to 1980, the FBI Identification Division now CJIS!92operated a Missing Person Program. Under that Program, theDivision's files were searched and missing person notices establishedat the request of immediate family members or officials acting intheir behalf, e.g., law enforcement authorities, Members of Congress,lawyers, and insurance companies. The Program was discontinued in1980 because of its greatly diminished utility and value resultingfrom privacy legislation, and because of the availability of missingperson-type services in the National Crime Information Center NCIC!.
' ! On October 12, 1982, the President signed into lawthe Missing Children-Act MCA! which amends Title 28, USC, Section534, to require the Attorney General to acquire and exchangeinformation to assist federal, state, and local officials in theidentification of unidentified deceased individuals and in thelocation of missing persons including an unemancipated persondefined by laws of the state of residence of such person!. In orderto bring the FBI in compliance with the provisions of the Act, certainpolicies are explained in detail in Part II, Sections 14 and 16 of
this manual.35
EFFECTIVE: 12/02/94
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
- __ _... ..... . A-4 _ _._ _.._._ 92 92
, Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I PAGE 79
791.2 Action to be Taken in Missing Person Matters| See MAOP,
Part 11, 73.2.!I
This matter is considered a noninvestigative matter;
therefore, no missing person case should be opened or assigned. If a
written or oral request is received, the administrative procedures
should be followed, and information on any record entered should be
maintained in a 79-O administrative control file. These procedures
are set forth in Part II, 16-16 of this manual. Also, see Part II
Section 14, for the|Criminal Justice Information Services]Division
policy regarding the handling of fingerprint cards for missing persons
and unidentified deceased persons. | See MIOG, Part II, 141O.6.!|
EFFECTIVE: 12/O2/94
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
j- -lij, - -.1.-;_-..-._.: _-.-;»;-..92_..,--L,4.;i2.:'..,;J-..;-:.;..<.;l.92».;,.u£.;jL-...L1-;._.=;,,_._..;.._.-.92_.».. _'._ _,_,.s.._ is-3. t-,,4;;._-.-..~_i... ._ I _
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 80 r
SECTION 80. PUBLIC AFFAIRS MATTERS
30-1 PUBLIC AFFAIRS MATTERSIn field offices, the FBI's public affairs matters arehandled under this classification and involve contacts by the FBI withthe general public, federal and state agencies, the Armed Forces,corporations, the news media and numerous other outside organizations. These contacts generally relate to matters of interest to the FBI, andpertain to nonsubstantive topics. Contacts with the news media may berecorded under this classification. The following is a list of
examples of public relations matters:
Liaison With Armed Forces
Contact With Law Enforcement Officials
Laboratory Matters-Public Relations
Research Material-Public Relations
Human Interest Items
Field Office Open House.
Radio Scripts
Television Scripts
Law Enforcement Committees
News Media Relations
News Media Contacts
Media Relations Representative
Fugitive PublicityH Radio and Television Broadcasts-Fugitive Matters
Speeches
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
i
i -§.£-Lil >11--'.nz-.5I92;.'A:<L|l»¬92|;Z.:L-»-;92-Tel .l'J923-r-'.92'.| -L§.-A.!-' -a-K "- T. .'-L -,;v._ Z:-_. -c;-.-,.,,._'. 4_3l. - .1 -Ir -. .-{J--i - mu, -4..-<4 - -_ __ .
..>. _.,>_-....l.1=_.
1
JManua
Part I
Radio andSensitive
and Guidelines 2l of Investigative OperationsPAGE 30
Television Appearances
Press Conferences -
k" Engagements Manuscripts for Spea ing
matters, seeFor additional assistance regarding public affairsMAOP, Part II, Section 5 Press and Publicity!.
EFFECTIVE: O4/O7/97
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
1
/ - 92
K,- .92;¥.'-.......~ 1.. 2' :-. " --.'.2-...._ .. .92-.-. ,.,;. .,.-'.r;'...r;1r._-1. J:-..'.:....-:;;<.l..=;'1»-.;-...w.a;._.' ...t.'.¢.._-_'.,.»-J-. ..l.-=_i'.......__.
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I
83-1PAGE 83 - 1 I
SECTION 83. CLAIMS COURT
BACKGROUND l! Court of Claims of United States was authorized byAct of Congress, approved February 24, 1855. It is a courtestablished under the laws of the United States where plaintiffs may
presentclaims for damages caused by United States, its officers, or
its agents arising from:i a! The Constitution, any Act of Congress, or any
regulation of an Executive Department.
States.
of 1982Federal
Federal
Customs b! Any express or implied contract with the United
! 920n April 2, 1982; the Federal Courts Improvement Actwas signed into law. The Act established a new intermediateAppellate Court known as the U.S. Court of Appeals for theCircuit which combined the Court of Claims and the Court ofand Patent Appeals into a single appellate court. The Actalso created the U.S. Claims Court which inherited the trialjurisdiction of the Court of Claims. The Act became effective on
October1, 19a2.92 p92!92 In cases where amount claimed does not exceed$10,000, United States district courts have concurrent jurisdiction
with92Claims Court.92
EFFECTIVE: 07/12/84
83l.2Procedure for Instituting Suit! Suits in92Claims Court92are instituted by filing a 1printed petition, verified by affidavit of plaintiff,92his/her92agent or attorney. ~
! The petition must contain following basic
information: a! Title of action including full Christian and
i4. -.- s.:.;,.-.:.;.--..-.-...~. .1 ...-s_._..i__".~..;.._|.i_/¢I.>.i'Ll..: -_ .1 '.L:.__.5;;....-s.:_.._...__..L;'Q.§ .....3;-J.-_-..l.'-.-.s _..._ ._'!,
,.
M
92, Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 83 " 2
surnames of all plaintiffs b! Plain statement of facts, giving date and place,
free from argumentative or impertinent matters c! Any action taken on the claim by Congress or any
department of Government d! Any assignment or transfer of claim or any partthereof, and, if so, when and upon what consideration e! Plaintiff is justly entitled to recover amountclaimed after allowing all just credits and offsets
f! A clear citation of any Act of Congress,regulation of an Executive Department or Agency, contract, treaty orpatent upon which the suit is based
EFFECTIVE: 07/12/84
33-1.3 Hearings P! 92Evidence is presented by plaintiff and defendant athearings presided over by a judge of the court. The judge rules uponmateriality, relevance, or admissibility'of evidence offered and form
of questions asked.92! In cases investigated by Bureau, Agent conductinginvestigation is oftentimes called as witness for defendant.! Upon conclusion of testimony for both plaintiff anddefendant, counsel for each submits tolthe judge92a written requestthat certain facts be found for92his/her92client. This request is basedon oral testimony and documentary data admitted in evidence at the
hearing.
EFFECTIVE: O7/12/84
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
{
r_ - --92 P~-L1Ii|¬l .- Ii1'92'uL!I -..-.-. .....-_,-V .-..-'n.-.-..1._- I-.-_:...._.».-. =_-1.....-1-,-_=l¢..-,_.__..._a_.__-._.i-..92.i._;--..i~..-,1:M.»-.-.___
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPAGE 83 3
Part I
Argument Before the Court
9292a31.4On designated date of trial calendar both parties in suit,t the court oral arguments as tothrough respective counsel, present o
[ merits of their case.
EFFECTIVE: 07/12/84
92[831.5[ Decision of the Courtders decision in printed form which contains:
Court ren
! Findings of fact! Discussion of law as to said findings of fact
! Amount of recovery found for plainti
ctionff or basis for
A dismissal of a
EFFECTIVEQ 07/12/84
9292s31.692 Appeal' Cl ims Court are taken by92Appea1s in any cases in athe U.S. Court of Appeals for thepetition of either party to
Federal Circuit.92
EFFECTIVE: 07/12/84
83-2 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE! Requests for investigation of cases pending in ClaimsCourt are received from Assistant Attorney General in charge of CivilDivision of Department. General requests include: a! Complete investigation of books and records of
plaintiff ' ' f records of GovernmentCf}; b! Auxiliary examination oQ departments and agencies *
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
_
t-0 i _J|LLJ¢l:I;L»2':L_Q.x;Ia,u§-4%n1LLi.ivi,,§,;iL2-L111;-Z;a_L'=i,i;,L'-.uilQ:;~2,:_..-L»..-1'.i-.L.:;i;.92_Q;::a1.?.L5-}2Q'£.92l4Z.i;;i.i-J_¢_u- .. .. _ l
. x
,_ Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I . PAGE 33
! Specific requests include:
a! Locating and interviewing certain witnesses
b! Locating of certain records c! Ascertaining of certain basic information withreference to some particular feature of case at issue! Investigation of books and records of plaintiffrequires that Agent assigned to investigation study case as reflectedby petition of plaintiff and plan a logical and substantial defense to
each proposition advanced by plaintiff.! Record of payments made by Government to plaintiff,as reflected by files of General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C.,will be secured by Washington92Metropolitan92Field Office upon request
of investigating office.! Cases involving alleged extra costs due to delay onpart of Government in construction contracts frequently require adetermination of following factors: actual period of delay,allocation of overhead to delay period, and variance in labor rates.Progress reports submitted by plaintiff to representative ofGovernment on a construction contract may show date on whichconstruction work began to taper off or actually ceased and actualperiod of delay can be thereby fixed. Cause of delay andresponsibility for it may be fixed by review of correspondence between plaintiff and Government and from information secured in course ofinterviews with prospective witnesses employed on construction work inquestion. Allocation of overhead to delay period is usually possiblein cases in which contractor has maintained adequate accounting records. In absence of adequate accounting records, Agent must makeequitable and practical survey of facts in question and present themin his/her report so basis may be available for their determination. Claims involving alleged variance in labor rates may be verified byreference to rates in force on Government contracts in various localities in which rates have been authorized by U.S. Department ofLabor under Title 40, USC, Section 276a. This type case requires careful investigation because terms of contract as to labor conditionsare set forth in proposals incidental to advertising for bids forcontract in question. Plaintiffs frequently seek to maintain theirown construction organization and allege labor available in thelocality was not capable of performing required construction work. Records of U.S. Employment Service, if available, may be of material
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIII-n--___________M...'......J._.5..'='..I;.;'_:....-'-.-..,.-_._._-......--;....I=..'.a.i32..}=:|ALll§-Is.-sh.--.,I-..-I_..t..LL..,-...l.._§;L_3._;_.Ll;..1.-.1. J-I.-|-='¢;~ -44.4... ...___W_ _
/92
e"'~. ¥*;§ Sensitive
* Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 83 - 5
assistance in determining adequacy of plaintiff's allegations.
EFFECTIVE: 10/16/90
83-3 REPORTING PROCEDURE
To set forth the results of investigation, particularly ininvolved and complicated accounting-type cases, in a complete andorderly manner which will materially aid in the defense of the case,the investigation should be carefully planned. The following outlineis set forth for guidance in planning investigations of this nature:
! Predication r A brief resume of investigative requestfrom Civil Division should be included in the first paragraph of thedetails of the first report of office of origin.
! Scope and extent of investigation - Outline your- p_ investigative and audit plans so that you will be able to fully inform '1 the attorney in charge of defense of case as to the ground covered.
! History of plaintiff company - Where necessary andpertinent, obtain data pertaining to plaintiff company from commercial
credit reporting agencies.! Statement of Government contract r Determineessential pertinent details of contract in question. It is pointedout that plaintiff frequently includes in its petition only suchportions of a contract that support its allegations and omits anyreference to portions of a contract favorable to defendant. Fully
identify contract by number and date.
! Claim of plaintiff - Determine essential details ofplaintiff's claim, such as: date filed, claim number, allegationscontained in claim, and special features of claim.
! Facts at issue in case - Determine the main featuresof both plaintiff's and defendant's case so that Government attorneymay be informed of contested facts therein. This could92be broken downas follows: plaintiff's position, defendant's position, facts subjectto determination by court, and special features.
! Facts disclosed by investigation -¬:_j§ a! Accounting investigation - Ordinarily the
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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r-.._
. * ,-.Q.'.;,-.;,"92-£|'=.5I
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Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 83
results of the accounting investigation will be shown in a summaryschedule or schedules comparing item by item the results of the auditconducted with plaintiff's claim, setting forth any differences notedand exceptions made. Be prepared to narratively explain these 'differences in detail for the benefit of.the attorney who will be
handling the defense.
b! Facts secured from interview with prospective
witnesses
c! Data secured from other sources
8! Conclusion Be prepared to present a brief, concisesummary schedule of the audit results, together with a brief summaryof any other information developed which is not susceptible ofverification by accounting analysis but which may be of value to the
Government attorney defending this suit.
EFFECTIVE: 10/16/90
83-3.1 Locating and Interviewing Witnesses
Investigations for purpose of locating and interviewingwitnesses are frequently requested by Civil Division of Department.Agent should consider advisability of securing signed statementsand/or making complete notes. Agent should secure sufficientbackground of case in question so|he/shelmay refresh memory of personinterviewed who, due to lapse of time and absence of official record,may plead ignorance as to details of transactions inquired of.
EFFECTIVE: 07/12/84
83-4 ACCOUNTING WORKING PAPERS '
Copies of all accounting working papers and schedulesprepared should be made and.forwarded to FBIHQ as an enclosure to theaccounting report for transmittal to Civil Division. When a closingreport is received from WashingtonletropolitanlField Office, originalworking papers should then be forwarded to FBIHQ by cover LHM fortransmittal to Civil Division for completion of their file.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
n
...;...;......._._..:..;;..:.;.n=;;92-.-..;s.t...1»..l.:..7_.=.i.|;-...=;..s;~:...;s..!.;._...i;.:.:..-i..-.:-._._"u...-,_-_'-';_r;.i .;.:..; .1 .5_._....i _ _ _ ___
jggf Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 83 7
EFFECTIVE: 10/16/90
83-5 OFFICE or ORIGIN
FBIHQ will designate office of origin which is to remainorigin until case is closed. The office of origin, upon completion ofits investigation, is to submit a letter to FBIHQ with a copy to the WashingtonletropolitanlField Office instructing that Washington |Metropolitan|Field Office follow Claims Court docket until a finalc decision has been rendered. Included in the letter should be a briefbackground of the case and the amount involved in the suit. Theoffice of origin file is to be placed in a "pending inactive"I status. Washington|Metropo1itan|Field Office, acting as auxiliaryoffice, is to follow all cases on a monthly basis and advise origin
and FBIHQ when a decision is rendered by the court.
<T ;: EFFECTIVE:'l0/16/90
83"6 PRIVACY ACT ' REQUIREMENTS
l! When interviewing anyone in the above classification,in order to solicit information about himself/herself or his/her ownactivities, the interviewing Agent must follow the proceduresdescribed in Part I, 19O*5, subparagraphs ! and !, of this manual.
! When interviewing an individual to solicitinformation concerning someone other than the interviewee therebyclassifying that individual as a source of information! theinterviewing Agent must follow the procedure relating to promises of ~confidentiality as described in Part I, 190-7, of this manual.
EFFECTIVE: 10/16/90
s37 CHARACTER CLAIMS counr
. * _-3 "I-92.' i-.-ll-
Sensitive
' PRINTED: 02/18/98
____________----n--IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllilliluuulu u
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1 kg!? Sensitive
J. Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPAGE 83 - 8
Part I _
EFFECTIVE: 10/16/90
fr" -.
Q
92
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
P
-'1~-'-.r92-'-- ... .3.-IanJ~.>l'-3...;~;f.:.I._._;.L..__:'~.ms.-,;;_;..:...:-';..:>.|.._....." - 92.._.".L...;'-.-.u_...--' ' =.~_..'-.1.-_... ,~ ..._-_._._ _
_.92-..,
,,? Sensitive
" Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 86 - 1
SECTION 86. FRAUD AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT SHALL BUSINESSADMINISTRATION | sEE MIOG, PART 1, SECTION 46.
86-1 BACKGROUND[The 86 classification was eliminated and reclassified inFiscal Year 1996 as 46C Fraud Against the Government - SmallBusiness Administration!. See MIOG, Part I, Section 46.|
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
1 86-2 |DELETED[
,. t
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
| 86-3 92DELETED|
EFFECTIVE; 07/31/97
1 86-4 [DELETED]
EFFECTIVE: O7/31/97
J?£1-. 3.
Sensitive
- PRINTED: 02/18/98
4
7_ 1. ._ ,1.-_»,.>..... .._..., ...-.-.....-.»'.'..=.L -.._'_-..-ea_..;¢..£.;.;w.;;_;':m_-__.1=~. 4.1-; .'..-;,.92;..:;.>;....-......-.-~ .....i¢..__. i-._..__ .
.-.-~
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Gidelines Part I " PAGE 36 - 2
86-5 92DELETED|
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
86-6 IDELETEDI
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
86~7' [DELETED|
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
86-8 92DELETED92
EFFECTIVE: 07/31/97
Sensitive
PRINTED: O2/18/93
a
i:..._.-_.-_92..-....<-. - .....;:..sl.=c.,.-.;...-.....=.....§.-a.-.-,.|.._.~Li...._.._-.s_...L.:.l.1..-_.__-;..__;..J;._"-._'.'.-_.,........,_ _ _...
LSensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part I
SECTION 87.
-5!
Title 13,92 2315;1231s, 3294.]
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/9n
92 II !
H
institution, the
commerce, that--' ll
ll
aesthetic purpose;I1
ll
is"-H
$5,000; orT " B!
" b!
1|
custody, or controln
__________...----1nIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINNIPAGE 37
INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF STOLEN PROPERTY
92 av-1 STATUTES AND JURISDICTION See M106, Part 1, 14.15,192 , . . . 264-2 5 5
USC, Sections]668,[23ll in part!, 231k, and
, 871.l ]Section 668 - Theft of Major Artwork
Definitions -
museum means an organized and permanentactivities of which affect interstate or foreign
is situated in the United States;is established for an essentially educational or
has a professional staff; andowns, utilizes, and cares for tangible objects
that are exhibited to the public on a regular schedule." object of cultural heritage means an object that
over 100 years old and worth in excess of
worth at least $100,000.
Offensessteals or obtains by fraud from the care,of a museum any object of cultural heritage; orknowing that an object of cultural heritage hasbeen stolen or obtained by fraud, if in fact the object was stolen orobtained from the care, custody, or control of a museum whether orI not that fact is known to the person!, receives, conceals, exhibits,or disposes of the object, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned
not more than 10 years, or both."|
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/13/98
..;..a. -_... ._ ...,_i -.1;-:,.>-.-W. -'In921:I'92'Illb'-IJ-ul|92pl'_';;§92.*§Jd-L-hi4-big;-Av-L ..'..==._ .:'.,........-..L--.5;-_... .¢.._.:.-Vol.1 .--_ .. . _
-.->-_, lggi ,_ Sensitive -
' n
' Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 2
EFFECTIVE: 11/O3/94
87l.l.1 Definitions
_ ". . . 'Money' means the legal tender of the United Statesor of any foreign country, or any counterfeit thereof; . . . .
Securities' includes any note, stock certificate, bond,debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler's check, letter of credit,warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence ofindebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any
profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate,- preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share,- investment contract, voting-trust certificate;|valid or blank motorvehicle titles; certificate of interest in property, tangible orintangible; instrument or document or writing evidencing ownership of . goods, wares, and merchandise, or transferring or assigning any right,HI
, title, or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise; or, in i general, any instrument commonly known as a 'security', or anycertificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interimcertificate for, receipt for, warrant, or right to subscribe to orpurchase any of the foregoing, or any forged, counterfeited, orspurious representation of any of the foregoing;
"'Tax stamp includes any tax stamp, tax token, tax meterimprint, or any other form of evidence of an obligation running to a
State, or evidence of the discharge thereof;
"'Va1ue' means the face, par, or market value, whicheveris the greatest, and the aggregate value of all goods, wares, andmerchandise, securities, and money referred to in a single indictment
shall constitute the value thereof."
The Department has stated that "goods, wares, andmerchandise" are sufficiently broad to cover all property not embracedby the words "lands, tenements, and hereditaments." Therefore, this" section of the statute covers any and all property of whatever nature,
which is subject to larceny.
EFFECTIVE: 0a/19/s5
e
Sensitive
PRINTED: O2/18/98
_
-.. - .'...-.=..-.-.i. .....-.,:'. -, iris..,.1.._.;._i;.92...-L-_-.;.i.:;__.14..-._;;i_.!.;;_..;i__i,_.-.,....._ _ . . .. 1 .. ._..,'.....;.__ - n ...._....__ _,
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesBart I PAGE 87
37-1.21 Section 2311
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/9h
37-1.2.11 Definitions See MIOG, Part 1, 26-1.a.!|
". . . 'Money means the legal tender of the United Statesor of any foreign country, or any counterfeit thereof; . . . .
Securities includes any note, stock certificate, bond,debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler's check, letter of credit,warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence ofindebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganizationcertificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract,voting-trust certificate; valid or blank motor vehicle titles;certificate of interest in property, tangible or intangible;instrument or document-or writing evidencing ownership of goods,wares, and merchandise, or transferring or assigning any right, title,or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise; or, in general,any instrument commonly known as a security, or any certificate ofinterest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for,receipt for, warrant, or right to subscribe to or purchase any of theforegoing, or any forged, counterfeited, or spurious representation of
any of the foregoing; ,
"'Tax stamp includes any tax stamp, tax token, tax meterimprint, or any other form of evidence of an obligation running to a
State, or evidence of the discharge thereof;
"Value' means the face, par, or market value, whicheveris the greatest, and the aggregate value of all goods, wares, andmerchandise, securities, and money referred to in-a single indictment
shall constitute the value thereof."
p The Department has stated that "goods, wares, andmerchandise" are sufficiently broad to cover all property not embracedby the words "lands, tenements, and hereditaments." Therefore, thissection of the statute covers any and all property of whatever nature,
which is subject to larceny.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
._________------IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl|l ul ull
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 -
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
87-1.3| Section 2314 Transportation of Stolen Goods, Securities,Moneys, Fraudulent State Tax Stamps, or Articles Used in
Counterfeiting | See MIOG, Part I, 2642.5.5.!|
"Whoever transports in interstate or foreign commerce anygoods, wares, merchandise, securities or money, of the value of $5,000
or more, knowing the same to have been stolen, converted or taken by
fraud; or
"Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme
or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of
false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises,transports or causes to be transported or induces any person to travelin, or to be transported in interstate commerce in the execution or
concealment of a scheme or artifice to defraud that person of money or
property having a value of $5,000 or more; or
"Whoever, with the unlawful or fraudulent intent,transports in interstate or foreign commerce any falsely made, forged,
altered, or counterfeited securities or tax stamps, knowing the same
to have been falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited; or
"Whoever, with unlawful or fraudulent intent, transports
in interstate or foreign commerce any traveler's check bearing a
forged countersignature; or
"Whoever, with unlawful or fraudulent intent, transports
in interstate or foreign commerce, any tool, implement, or thing used
or fitted to be used in falsely making, forging, altering, or
counterfeiting any security, or tax stamps, or any part thereof-
"Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not
more than ten years, or both.
. "This section shall not apply to any falsely made, forged,
altered, counterfeited or spurious representation of an obligation or
other security of the United States, or of an obligation, bond,
certificate, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay or bank
note issued by any foreign government or by a bank or corporation of
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/93
Z
i;..;, - .> .. I .1 . M -._~. .:-4'. I...=r:..:. ..- .-_..i -;,k1..l..4'lJ_~.;.n ;;:;_3.=:..|;|_J-..;i_I'._5_-.'....<.-s... .;..-..'..;.;:..- --.,.... ... s.-. .;.;..- ._ _...m_.._._i .. . _ .. .,,._.,. . . _
. 92 iii? , Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 - 5
any foreign country." Handled by Secret Service as a violation of
Title 18, USC, Section 430.!
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
| s7-1.3.1 [Moved to 37-1.4.1|
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/96
[I87-1.41 Section 2315 - Sale or Receipt of Stolen Goods, W } Securities, Moneys, or Fraudulent State Tax Stamps
"-' "Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters,sells, or disposes of any goods, wares, or merchandise, securities, ormoney of the value of $5,000 or more, or pledges or accepts assecurity for a loan any goods, wares, or merchandise, or securities,of the value of $500 or more, which have crossed a state or UnitedStates boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken,knowing the same to have been stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken;
or
"Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters,
sells, or disposes of any falsely made, forged, altered, orcounterfeited securities or tax stamps, or pledges or accepts as
security for a loan any falsely made, forged, altered, orcounterfeited securities or tax stamps, which have crossed a state or
United States boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, ortaken, knowing the same to have been so falsely made, forged, altered,
or counterfeited; or
"Whoever receives in interstate or foreign commerce, or
conceals, stores; barters, sells, or disposes of, any tool, implement,or thing used or intended to be used in falsely making, forging,altering, or counterfeiting any security or tax stamp, or any part- thereof, moving as, or which is a part of, or which constitutes¬:4 interstate or foreign commerce, knowing that the same is fitted to be92 kg used, or has been used, in falsely making, forging, altering, or
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
--IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII... .l l ull
,..;.92_¢_;_;. ,.....=...=..'..-. .-.' a _.» .. .-....."..92.__,r. 4-.;*L:v,|a. L -» _;.-.._._.-......'a....._....__';_.-.... .-....-..,i..-.92...92.c.¢._.r__.._.---._...___- .. -.. _ ___ __..__,, __ _ _ _
92;;§ _ Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 6
counterfeiting any security or tax stamp, or any part thereof -r
"Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not
more than ten years, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
IIB7-l.4.l| Securities Excluded From Section 2315
"This section shall not apply to any falsely made, forged,
altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of an obligation or
other security of the United States or of an obligation, bond,
certificate, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay, or bank
note, issued by any foreign government or by a bank or corporation ofany foreign country." Handled by Secret Service as a violation of fl Title 18, USC, Section 480!.
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94 _
| s71.5 |Section 3294
"No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for a
violation of or conspiracy to violate Section 668 unless the
indictment is returned or the information is filed within 20 years
after the commission of the offense."|
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
1 87-1.5.1 [Moved to s71.7.1|
1 I
2 '9"-V T-_. _
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
K
... _.. . -.;;..-.":.-'..'_;..s-92.;-s..;e.;.».';..=.;:-12" :-'...;.i.,<t:L~»-.;..~s.z.;.s. - '- -. " -. -- e -.. ...... .. _ _ ,__ana_a_MM@
. .; I .,;¢ . Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 - 7
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/96
l[87l.692 Jurisdiction of Other Federal Agencies
The interstate or foreign transportation of falsely made,etc., securities which are obligations of the U. 8., foreigngovernments, or foreign corporations are exempt from the provisions ofthis statute by an exception in the statute itself. This exception isto avoid a conflict of jurisdiction with the Secret Service, U. S.Treasury Department. U. S. Postal Service money orders, money, andgovernment obligations which are falsely made, etc., are not thesubject of a violation of this statute. If information is developedof fraudulent interstate transactions in the sale of securities, thefacts should be forwarded to the Securities and Exchange Commission asa possible violation of Title 15, USC, Section 77q. i
1"
1%'" EFFECTIVE: ll/03/94
||87l.7l Other Provisions Concerning Sections 2314 and 2315
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
||87-l.7.1| Statute Language "Cause to be Transported"
Note: While the language "cause to be transported" doesnot appear in all paragraphs of Section 2314 and in Section 2315, itis observed that Section 2 of Title 18 covers as principals those
persons "causing or procuring."
je. EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
_
E2;-.',..z.'.= ._.--..-..a....;;. ._.._ . iu._.-..:;.saL.-:s_.§.,;;.;:£.;;,.¢4.:.:.al:1-;:;.:;..1,._v.._:;a.-.;a___.;._n.=;_;_92=_- .,..:;1:,r.1.;_-.;._....-..:.-. ;.-.-..;_-.._-.4.92.._...1_a . _-.._..._..... .i-..... ..
QMJE Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 - 3
]|87-1.8| Section 2318 - Transportation, Sale, or Receipt of EPhonograph Records Bearing Forged or Counterfeit Labels
I l See nxoc, Part 1, 87-4.2.1.!|
"Whoever knowingly and with fraudulent intent transports,causes to be transported, receives, sells, or offers for sale ininterstate or foreign commerce any phonograph record, disk, wire,tape, film, or other article on which sounds are recorded, to which orupon which is stamped, pasted, or affixed any forged or counterfeitedlabel, knowing the label to have been falsely made, forged, orcounterfeited, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not
more than one year, or both."
EFFECTIVE: 11/O3/94
Q F 1|s11.9| Conspiracy to Violate Sections 231a, 2315, or 2318
Conspiracies to violate Title 18, USC, Sections 2314,2315, and 2318, must be prosecuted under the general conspiracy
section Title 18, USC, Section 371!.,
EFFECTIVE: 11/03/94
37-2 ELEMENTS OF PROOF
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
872.1 Transportation Elements
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/1a/98
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§5Q§ Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 37 - 9
87-2.1.1 Stolen Property Transportation
! Property is stolen, converted, or taken by fraud.
! Such property, valued at $5,000 or more, is
transported in interstate or foreign commerce. .
! The transporter must have knowledge such property hadbeen stolen, converted, or taken by fraud. |Pursuant to Title 18, USC,Section 21, the element of guilty knowledge may also be established byproof that the defendant believed that the property had been stolen,converted, or taken by fraud, after or as a result of an officialrepresenation as to the nature of the property see MIOG, Part II,
1-l.l2!. _
! It is not necessary for the actual thief or embezzlerto perform the transportation. It_is only necessary that the persontransporting the property knew it to be stolen or taken in any of the
ways specifically prohibited.
4 'K 5 ! Where several transportations of less than $5,000 in,i= value are used to establish the jurisdictional limit, the Departmenthas stated sporadic transactions are not to be grouped, but only aseries of transactions closely associated or a continuing course of
conduct should be considered.
EFFECTIVE: 10/23/95
87-2.1.2 Transporting Persons -
! Scheme is to obtain money or property by false or
fraudulent pretenses.
Z! Such property is valued at $5,000 or more.
!_ Persons are transported, caused to be transported, orinduced to travel in or be transported interstate as a result of false
representations.
! The travel is in execution or concealment of the
scheme.
- _:,1.2 1'
-In I
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
. u
-=. _.. ._.,.__~_»...,.,.. . .-.4. ..-..- .1.-__=_'.-~...aa:..'.;-rill-1;'I.A.»i92;_92&..-.u.;-si.-_.__;_...._...;,_....._t.;_92._.>.-.2...-..».. ,..q_-92...- -_.l. ._-...-.._._ .. ..92.._ .... -1 . - . __.._. ..
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 10
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/73
872.l.3 Transporting Counterfeit Securities, Tax Stamps, or Sound
Recording Labels
! Falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited
securities or tax stamps, or traveler's checks with forged
countersignature, or forged or counterfeited labels on sound
recordings are transported in interstate or foreign commerce.
! With unlawful or fraudulent intent
! The person transporting such spurious securities, taxstamps, or labels on sound recordings knew the same to have been
falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited. ]Pursuant to Title18, USC, Section 21, the element of guilty knowledge may also beestablished by proof that the defendant believed that the spuriousI , securities, tax stamps, or labels on sound recordings had been falselyi - T made, forged, altered, or counterfeited, after or as a result of an92 - official representation as to the nature of the property see MIOG,
Part II, 1-1.12!.|
EFFECTIVE: 10/23/95
87-2.l.& Transporting Tools or Paraphernalia Used In Counterfeiting-
Securities or Tax Stamps
! That any tool, implement, or thing used or fitted to
be used in fa1se1y_making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting anysecurity, tax stamp, or part thereof is transported in interstate or
foreign commerce.
! The transporter must have an unlawful or fraudulent
intent.
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
.,,.- 1:-. 7--_._;,=. _ ,-<§T¥; 87-2.2 Receiving Elements
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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92.,.;;...t,_ ; .. 1..r.a¢;;.:;;...-.;._as=.;....=....-:.so.:...92t.|:.~...s:u.2u.._...-.;_t.' '....".-;.;_-..'..,.;-_.._...:.._s-._._-....l._._.__.....s._.. .___ _ _ _
g_~§ Sensitive~w
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 11
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
87-2.2.1 Receiving Stolen Property
! Property is stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken.
! The property so taken in the amount of $5,000 or more
is transported in interstate or foreign commerce.
! The person receiving, possessing, concealing,storing, bartering, selling, or disposing of the property in the
amount of $5,000 or more, knew it to have been stolen, unlawfullyconverted, or taken. |Pursuant to Title 18, USC, Section 21, theelement of guilty knowledge may also be established by proof that the
- defendant believed that such property had been stolen, unlawfully
converted, or taken, after or as a result of an officialrepresentation as to the nature of the property see MIOG, Part II,
1-1.12!. I . ' :_.92" ! The person receiving, etc., same did so after the
property had crossed a state or United States boundary.
EFFECTIVE: 10/23/95
87-2.2.2 Receiving Counterfeit Securities, Tax Stamps, or Sound
Recording Labels '
! The falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited 1
items crossed a state or United States boundary.
! The person receiving, etc., same did so after the
items had crossed a state or United States boundary.
! The receiver knew items to be falsely made, etc.[Pursuant to Title 18, USC, Section 21, the element of guilty knowledgemay also be established by proof that the defendant believed that suchitems were falsely made, etc., after or as a result of an officialrepresentation as to the nature of the property see MIOG, Part II,
11.12!.l"»-.
A.-;:_ .' _y.F
uul-"
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/93
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.92 2'{ " ,;,92
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92
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87
EFFECTLVE: 10/23/95
87-2.2.3 Receiving Tools or Paraphernalia Used in Counterfeiting
Securities or Tax Stamps
! The tools, etc., used or intended to be used inmaking falsely made, etc., items were moving as, a part of, or
constituted interstate or foreign commerce.
! The person receiving same did so while they were so
moving.
- ! The receiver, etc., knew the tools, etc., were fittedto be used or had been used in falsely making, etc., any security, taxstamp, or any part thereof. '
EFFECTIVE: 07728/87
87-2.3 Pledging Elements
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
87-2.3.1 Pledging Stolen Property
! Property valued at $500 or more is stolen, unlawfully
converted, or taken.
! Such property has crossed a state or United States
boundary.
! It is pledged or accepted as a security for a loan by
one knowing it to have been stolen, unlawfully converted, etc.Pursuant to Title 18, USC, Section 21, the element of guilty knowledgemay also be established by proof that the defendant believed that suchproperty had been stolen, unlawfully converted, etc., after or as aresult of an official representation as to the nature of the property
see HIOG, Part 11, 1-1.12!.]
! The pledging or acceptance of such property assecurity for a loan was done afternit had crossed a state or United
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 13
States boundary.
EFFECTIVE: 10/23/95
87-2.3.2 Pledging Counterfeited Securities or Tax Stamps
! Falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited items
are transported across a state or United States boundary.
! The person pledging or accepting as security for aloan such falsely made, etc., items knew them to be falsely made, etc.|Pursuant to Title 13, USC, Section 21, the element of guilty knowledgemay also be established by proof that the defendant believed that suchitems were falsely made, etc., after or as a result of an officialrepresenpation as to the nature of the property see MIOG, Part II,
11.12!.
it ! The pledging or acceptance of such items is done92~- after they have crossed a state or United States boundary.
EFFECTIVE: 10/23/95
87-3 POLICY
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
873.l Stolen Property Cases Includes Property Taken By Fraud or
Converted!
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
873.l.1 Valuation of Stolen Property
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 37 " 14
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
373.1.2 Major Theft Cases
! A major theft case is one in which the value of the
stolen property exceeds $50,000.
Transportation of goods, wares, merchandise, securities or
money - It is important to determine early in the investigation the
value of the property taken. In regard to tangible property, such as
clothing, jewelry, automobiles, rare paintings, manufactured articles,
etc., the actual value is sought. In the case of articles having no
ready market value, such as antiques, the owner's testimony of
l what|he/she|paid for the stolen articles,-together with an expertappraiser's evaluation, would be very strong evidence of their value.
In the case of such items as household goods, their value for
jurisdictional purposes is not what they would bring at a secondhand
x Z sale but what they are worth to their owner; i.e., original cost less E depreciation. In the case of securities, the statute provides the
*~ value is the face, par, or market value, whichever is the highest. In
the case of merchandise which has not reached the consumer, the courts
have held the retail value of such goods is its value for
jurisdictional purposes.
! When a major theft occurs, immediately institute
active investigation
a! Here liaison contact with local authorities is
not sufficient.
b! Develop details of the theft, any suspects, and
description of stolen property.
c! Assign sufficient manpower to run out all
immediate leads in both office of origin and auxiliary offices
expeditiously.
! Teletypes in major theft cases
a! Send to FBIHQ and logical field offices.
P b! Include details of theft, descriptions of stolen : T2 property and suspects, results of crime scene search; investigation_;§§ being taken by your office and local authorities, if applicable!;p » . ' 1
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines _Part I PAGE B7 - 15
identifying data concerning victim for Bureau indices search, and
results of your indices search regarding victim; and leads for
auxiliary offices.
c! Submit initial teletype summary including
contemplated investigation as soon as circumstances of theft are
ascertained. Within one week after the initial teletype submit a
cover airtel with LHM summary to FBIHQ and your surrounding offices
including but not limited to, complete description of stolen property
and investigation conducted, unless instructed to the contrary by
FBIHQ. This LHM summary should be suitable for dissemination and
should not include informant information or describe sensitive
investigative techniques.
EFFECTIVE: 07/28/87
87-3.1.3 Other Stolen Property Cases Under $50,000 in Value!
J..-Qk i ! In any case where circumstances indicate stolen~ property valued over $5,000! may travel interstate or where organizedcrime figures are involved, prepare appropriate communication to
interested offices. .
! Promptly obtain description of stolen property and
its value.
! Do not institute investigation unless it is
reasonable that stolen_property will travel in interstate commerce.
! In any case where public interest and publicity may
be great, advise FBIHQ expeditiously by teletype of details. '
EFFECTIVE: 11/18/83
87-3.2 Fraudulent Check Cases
EFFECTIVE: 11/18/33
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shanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part I PAGE 87 - l6.
87-3.2.1 Quality Case Concept
he
EFFECTIVE: 11/18/83
B7-3.2.2 Department of Justice Prosecutive Policy
! The Department advises that Section 2314 is notapplicable to bad check cases where subject uses true name or an alias
by which subject is commonly known.L92 t ! The Department takes View that local authorities have --u primary responsibility for prosecuting bad check cases, even when suchcases clearly fall within the technical scope of the statute.
~ ! Generally, prosecution limited to following
circumstances: -
a! The state prevented from successful prosecutionbecause the defendant, evidence, or witnesses are beyond the state's
borders. b! The subject passed such checks in numerous
jurisdictions.H c! Subject's offenses either do not constituteviolations under the applicable state's statutes or are inadequatelypunishable by such state laws in light of the frequency and scope of
the defendant's activities. d! The bad check charges are to be brought inconjunction with other Federal charges; e.g., impersonation of a
Federal official.
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 r 17
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
873.3 Conspiracy to Violate ITSP Statute
The Department has advised conspiracies to violate the
ITSP statute are violative of Federal laws even where the theft of
property has not actually occurred. When information is receivedindicating a conspiracy to commit a theft or robbery of $5,000 or more
and transport the proceeds in interstate commerce, immediately discussfacts with USA for determination as to whether investigation should be
initiated. In each such instance following discussion with USA,
advise FBIHQ of full facts.
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
/ = 873;4- Heavy Equipment Cases
~~ ! For investigative purposes, heavy equipment will
include truck tractors, trailers, off-highway vehicles, construction
equipment, and farm equipment. Investigative policies and proceduresconcerning these thefts will be similar to those pertaining to
Interstate Transportation of Stolen Motor Vehicles. See Part I,
Sections 26-2 and 26-4 of this manual.!
! One of the significant differences between ITSMV andheavy equipment investigations is that certificates of title are not
required for offhighway vehicles, construction equipment, or farmequipment. Ownership can normally be established by means of a trace
through the manufacturer.
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
37-4 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
.-Q- w" zili 874.1 Stolen Property Cases
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 - 13
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
874.l.l Investigative Steps
! Ensure that appropriate crime scene search has beenconducted for latent fingerprints and other evidence, and that
neighborhood investigation is completed,
l ! lDeleted|
EFFECTIVE: 03/23/92
87-4.1.2 In Major Cases
?_ If a major theft, institute investigation under policy<j'E requirements for such cases see 873.l.2!. Notify FBIHQ by telephone; or teletype of any case in which public interest will be great and
press inquiries may be received at FBIHQ. X
EFFECTIVE: O3/23/92
874.2 Transportation of Falsely Made, Forged, Altered, or7 Counterfeited Securities, Tax Stamps, or Labels on Sound
Recordings
EFFECTIVE: 10/26/87
87.2.l Establish That Security Covered By the Statute
The Agent should first determine if the item in question
is covered by the statutes. Section 2311 specifically definesnumerous documents as securities. Valid or blank automobilecertificates of title, bills of sale, and whiskey warehouse receiptsare samples of securities which may be altered, forged, orcounterfeited in cases coming to the Bureau's attention. f:5_ For additional information, see Part I, Section 26-1, of this9--w manual.! The Agent should obtain the item transported or as accurate a
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 87 19
description of same as possible. The Agent must remember that it isnot necessary to establish such falsely made, etc., items have beenpreviously stolen or embezzled or that they had any value. Section2318 dealing with labels on sound recordings applies to all presentlyknown methods of recording sound waves according to the Department ofJustice. The Department has also advised that it is immaterial whether
the bogus label is attached to a genuine recording.
EFFECTIVE: 10/26/87
87*4.2.2 Odometer Turn-Back Cases _
Altered or reset odometers on motor vehicles are madeunlawful by Title 15, USC, Sections 1981-1991 Odometer Requirements!,which prior to the passing of Public Law 94364 Motor VehicleInformation and Cost Savings Act Amendments of 1976! on July 14, 1976,carried no criminal penalties. The purpose of this statute is to _ prohibit tampering with odometers on motor vehicles and to establish1. certain safeguards for the protection of purchasers with respect to~ the sale of motor vehicles having altered or reset odometers. Titlei 15, USC, Sections 1981-1991, is directed at an area of crime involvingconsumer fraud affecting purchasers of previously owned automobiles.
EFFECTIVE! 10/26/87
374.2.3 Statutes
Title 15, USC, Sections 1933-1988; Title 18, USC, Sections
2314 and 1343.
EFFECTIVE: 10/26/37
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I PAGE 37
874.2. Title 15, USC
l! Section 1983. Unlawful devices causing odometer toregister mileage other than true mileage driven. No person shalladvertise for sale, sell, use, or install or cause to be installed,any device which causes an odometer to register any mileage other thanthe true mileage driven. For purposes of this section, the truemileage driven is that mileage driven by the vehicle as registered by
the odometer within the manufacturer's designed tolerance.
! Section 1984. Unlawful change of mileage indicatedon odometer. No person shall disconnect, reset, or alter, or cause tobe disconnected, reset, or altered, the odometer of any motor vehicle
with intent to change the number of miles-indicated thereon.
! Section 1985. Unlawful operation of motor vehicle
with knowledge of disconnected or nonfunctional odometer prohibited.No person shall, with intent to defraud, operate a motor vehicle onany street or highway knowing that the odometer of such vehicle is
disconnected or nonfhnctional.
! Section 1986. Conspiracy to violate odometer
requirements.
! Section 1987. Lawful service, repair, or replacementof odometer; adjustment of mileage and notice of adjustment; failureto adjust mileage or affix notice of adjustment and removal oralteration of notice with fraudulent intent prohibited.
"Nothing in this subchapter shall prevent the service,repair, or replacement of an odometer, provided the mileage indicatedthereon remains the same as before the service, repair, orreplacement. Where the odometer is incapable of registering the samemileage as before such service, repair, or replacement, the odometershall be adjusted to read zero and a notice in writing shall beattached to the left door frame of the vehicle by the owner or hisagent specifying the mileage prior to repair or replacement of theodometer and the date on which it was repaired or replaced. Anyremoval or alteration of such notice so affixed shall be unlawful."
EFFECTIVE: 10/26/87
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart I - PAGE 87 -
87.2.5 Title 18, USC, Sections 2314 and 1343
! Section 2314. Transportation of Stolen Goods,Securities, Moneys, Fraudulent State Tax Stamps, or Articles Used in
Counterfeiting.
! Section 1343. Fraud by Wire. ITSP and FEW Statutes
have been used successfully in widespread odometer turn-backoperations. The interstate transportation of falsely made securitiesis a violation of Title 18, USC, Section 2314, when the certificate oftitle of an automobile, a security, has the automobile mileage falselyreported on it and the.security is transported interstate. Title 18,USC, Section 2314, also prohibits anyone from knowingly transportingin interstate commerce money, in the amount of $5,000 or more, thathas been taken by fraud. The value of certain used cars may exceed$5,000 and further the combined value of cars with odometer turn-backssold interstate by an automobile dealer could easily exceed $5,000 and
that such a dealer could be involved in a conspiracy to violateSection 2314. Violations of the FBW and the Hail Fraud Stat
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