Document text
be: Pe rs FM 23-33
FIELD MANUAL -
66-MM HEAT ROCKET
M72A1, M72AIE1,
and M72
De Se ee
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
| JULY 1970
TAGO 20004A
*FM 23-33
FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. 23-33 WASHINGTON, D.C., 10 July 1970
66-MM HEAT ROCKET M72A1, M72A1E1, AND M72
Paragraph Page
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Section I. General
Purpose and scope ~2 2 ee ee a 1 3
GZEneral eCOaracteristl CS pe we = eee ew see ee ee 2 5
Description and data
Ile Description: =. oe MOTTA STINT EAS f2% 5} 5
Tabulatedsdata wise ak Sen pe ees eee ee 4 5
CHAPTER 2. LAUNCHER CONTROLS AND SIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
Section I. Controls
Gen orak: nse k ee ee i ee meeae 5 6
Biringymechanismiue. washer Le eee ewe ees 6 6
Trigger safety handle and recocking _____________-___ 7 6
II. Sighting equipment
YONGE SIS NG te eee ee ere ene eeemene err eee ee 8 6
Rear sight’ e274 ee Sa Sl Ae Oe 9 6
III. Operation, functioning, malfunctions,
and immediate action
General) 22 ee ee ee en ee 10 7
Operation 2... 527382 45-2 ae ee 11 7
BUN ChlOnINeOL CDE tA Ce ree gee ee ee re ree 12 10
Malfunctions and immediate action __________________ 13 10
CHAPTER 3. ROCKET AMMUNITION
General i see e222 Oe ee a ee Nee cele 14 12
ecHNnICAlSCNALACLEEISUICS pee ee ee ee eee 15 12
Identification of rocket and launcher ________________ 16 15
Packaging tao ee eee at ee 17 15
4. M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72): MAINTENANCE AND
INSPECTIONS, DECONTAMINATION,
DESTRUCTION
Section I. Maintenance and inspections
Maintenances ee eee er ee el 18 16
Inspections es we esas eres oor ee ere ct ee ee 19 16
II. Decontamination
Procedures eye ek ee, ee Se ee 20 16
Ty pesOL contamination =e eee ete ee cea oe ee 21 16
III. Destruction
General’ ee eee ee ee eer een Sh 2 Oe eee 22 16
Destruction mew ee at oe eo te ee ee 23 16
CHAPTER 5. PREPARATORY MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING
Gemerig | ae meee ee eer a eatin sin 24 17
Aiming ges. ee ee ee een) eee ee ae eee 25 17
PRIS WOLE MINOGUE os eae oe ke. Le ee oe 26 17
immediate: actions 5 ee. J beiieeiee 2 ee 2 eee 27 18
Positions ee rc A 5 Rs OE 28 19
6. RANGE PROCEDURES AND SAFETY
Back bl akira rere. at cow ets cicacs oben none 29 30
Mange URINE OTOCsO Ores he foe ee Gara veeineanl 30 30
7. TECHNIQUE OF FIRE
tro tg Ubinas Al: LA sae ke ES NRRL) RS SS a ce ee a 31 32
PRRIO "OME CIOT So ia Sa ek sO a 82 32
ro AE bat hn Fo it Sane ae ey ie PN 9 fo ee 33 82
Si A TRATA ST MOG EGU OE UV eh ns 34 82
*This manual supersedes FM ois 1 September 1965, including all changes.
AGO 20004A 1
FM 23-33
Paragraph Page
CHapter 8. TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT
Conaratayl. Gc. 2k eee oa meen 35 33
Offensive actions __.------------------------------~ 36 33
Defensive actions ~------------------------------"~ 37 33
Specialized actions ___-----------------------------~ 38 33
AppenDIxX A. TEXT REFERENCES AND TRAINING AIDS —-------------- 84
B. ADVICE TO INSTRUCTORS --~-~-~------22—---5 enn nn 35
CG. TRAINING SCHEDULE: -___-----5--5 5p 387
D. SUBCALIRER DEVICE =--__-_->--=5==- + -- - 39
E. M72-CONFIGURATION ___-__----------- tr 42
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Section I.
1. Purpose and Scope
a. This manual provides guidance for using and
employing the 66-mm high explosive antitank
rocket, M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72). It con-
tains information covering the characteristics, no-
menclature, functioning, and employment of the
M72A1 and M72A1E1 systems. Appendix E has
been added for reference on the configuration of
the M72.
b. This manual is applicable to nonnuclear and
nuclear warfare.
TRIGGER ASSEMBLY
FIRING PIN
HOUSING ASSEMBLY
REAR COVER
ASSEMBLY
Figure 1.
AGO 20004A
GENERAL
c. Users of this publication are encouraged to
submit recommended changes or comments to im-
prove the publication. Comments should be keyed
to the specific page, paragraph, and line of the
text in which the change is recommended. Reasons
should be provided for each comment to insure
understanding and complete evaluation. Com-
ments should be prepared on DA Form 2028 (Rec-
ommended Changes to Publications) and for-
warded direct to the Commandant, United States
Army Infantry School, Fort Benning, Ga. 31905.
TRIGGER HOUSING ASSEMBLY
SLING ASSEMBLY
Rocket launcher, closed position.
FM 23-33
REAR SIGHT ASSEMBLY
>
FRONT SIGHT ASSEMBLY
CHANNEL ASSEMBLY TRIGGER SAFETY HANDLE
REAR SIGHT COVER DETENT BOOT
4 ie PULL PIN
INNER TUBE
SLING ASSEMBLY
Figure 2. Rocket launcher, open position.
FOLDING FINS
LOT NO.
ROUND LOCK
TYPE AND MODEL OF ROCKET TYPE AND MODEL OF ROCKET
ROCKET MOTOR CLOSURE
HEAT, ROCKET OLIVE DRAB WITH MARKINGS IN YELLOW
20. MAXIMUM
Figure 3. The 66-mm high explosive antitank (HEAT) rocket.
4 AGO 20004A
>
2. General Characteristics
The 66-mm HEAT rocket, M72A1 and M72A1E1
(and M72) is a lightweight, self-contained anti-
tank system consisting of a rocket packed within
its own launcher (fig 1). When issued, the
launcher serves as a watertight packing container
for the rocket, however, when the launcher is
. Section Il.
3. Description
a. Launcher M72A1 and M72A1E1. The
launcher for the M72A1 and M72A1E1 is com-
posed of two concentric tubes. The inner tube is
oriented with respect to the outer tube by a chan-
nel assembly, which rides in an alinement slot in
the trigger housing assembly. The outer tube has
the following parts affixed to it: the trigger hous-
ing assembly located on the upper surface of the
outer tube, trigger assembly, trigger safety han-
dle, rear sight assembly, front sight assembly, and
rear cover. The inner tube is constructed of alumi-
num; it will extend telescopically along the chan-
nel assembly which houses the firing pin rod as-
sembly and locks the launcher in the extended po-
4. Tabulated Data
a. Launcher.
(1) Length (firing position)
(2) Length (closed position)
(3) Weight (complete system) ~------------
(4) Weight (launcher only)
(5) Firing mechanism
(6) Sights:
AMIN Ge aT 0 eS etal ep el eal dp ey gine
COB Go| EEN ine gi th Sah Da Sn Neat FPP ign fe
b. Rocket.
(Pye Dength 28 sei Se Se ee ee
(2) Weight
(3yeMugzlevelocitys 20 2S eee
(4 Maximim range 22) 2 cue. Seve.
(5) Maximum effective range ______________
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
placed into the firing position it serves to ignite
and guide the rocket on its initial flight toward the
intended target (fig 2). The launcher houses a per-
cussion-type firing mechanism to activate the
rocket. The rocket is fixed within the launcher and
attached to it by means of an integral igniter. The
rocket is a percussion ignited, fin stabilized, fixed
munition (fig 3).
DESCRIPTION AND DATA
sition through the detent lever assembly. The
firing pin rod assembly locks under the trigger
assembly and cocks the weapon upon extension.
Note. The difference between the M72A1 rocket and the
M72A1E1 rocket pertains to their armor penetrating
capability. The M72A1E1 has more penetrating capability.
b. Rocket. The rocket is made up of the 66-mm
HEAT warhead M18, the point-initiating-base
detonating fuze M412, and the rocket motor M54.
Attached to the nozzle of the rocket motor are six
spring-loaded fins which are folded forward along
the motor when the rocket is within the launcher.
Once the rocket motor has been ignited, all of the
propellant is burned before the rocket leaves the
launcher. The rocket’s momentum carries it to the
target.
35.16 inches.
25.77 inches.
4.7 pounds.
2.5 pounds.
Percussion.
Reticle graduated in 25-meter range increments,
15 mile per hour lead.
Peepsight adjusts automatically to temperature
change.
20 inches.
214, pounds (approx).
475 feet per second at 70°F.
1,000 meters (approx).
200 meters (based on an average for both moving
and stationary targets).
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 2
LAUNCHER CONTROLS AND SIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Section I. CONTROLS
5. General
This section describes and illustrates the controls
found on the M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72).
6. Firing Mechanism
a. The trigger assembly is located on the top
rear of the outer tube. The trigger is in the config-
uration of a bar which must be depressed to fire.
When the trigger bar is depressed it will release
the tension on the firing pin rod assembly, which
strikes the center of the primer.
b. The firing pin housing is affixed to the top
rearmost portion of the rear or inner tube. Closely
associated with the housing is the firing pin rod
assembly, firing pin rod spring, primer block,
Section Il.
8. Front Sight
The front sight for the M72A1 and M72A1E1 con-
tains an embossed vertical range line with ranges
from 50 to 350 meters in 25-meter increments (fig
4). Two curved stadia lines are etched on the front
sight to aid the gunner in range estimation. On
either side of the vertical range line are 15 mile
per hour lead marks which aid the gunner in
tracking moving targets.
primer, and rear sight cover. The primer is Io-
cated on line with the firing pin.
7. Trigger Safety Handle and Recocking
The trigger safety handle must be pushed forward
to the release position before the trigger can be
depressed. This safety should not be released until
the launcher is in the correct firing position on the
gunner’s shoulder. On the M72A1 and M72A1E1
the trigger safety is a positive safety. When it is
placed on the safe position the firing pin rod as-
sembly cannot move to the rear and strike the
primer. Cocking is accomplished in the last inch of
travel upon extension, therefore, the weapon must
be closed at least this far to recock it.
SIGHTING EQUIPMENT
9. Rear Sight
The rear sight of the M72A1 and M72A1E1 con-
sists of a steel rear bar sight bracket, a plastic rear
sight, and a rubber rear sight boot. Inside the
plastic rear sight is the rear sight aperture plate
which is attached to a spring that automatically
compensates for temperature change.
AGO 20004A
VERTICAL RANGE LINE
LEAD MARKER
RANGE MARKER
STADIA LINES
Figure 4.
Section. Ill.
10. General
This section describes the operating procedure for
the M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) and the
functioning of the launcher. It further explains
the most common malfunctions and the correct
method of applying immediate action.
11. Operation
a. To prepare the launcher for firing, the gun-
ner can refer to the illustrated firing instructions
located on the left side of the launcher (fig 10).
The gunner should observe the following proce-
dures:
(1) To place the M72A1 and M72A1E1 into
operation remove the pull pin and rotate the rear
cover downward, thereby allowing the front cover
and adjustable sling assembly to fall free; how-
ever, do not discard the sling assembly until the
rocket is fired.
(2) To extend the launcher grasp the rear
sight cover and sharply pull the launcher to the
AGO 200044
FM 23-33
Front sight.
OPERATION, FUNCTIONING, MALFUNCTIONS, AND IMMEDIATE ACTION
rear until it locks into position. (Extending the
launcher slowly can result in failure to cock the
launcher.)
(3) The next step is to place the launcher on
the shoulder, push the safety handle to the arm
position, aim the launcher, and depress the trigger
bar (fig 5 and 6). (If the trigger safety handle
will not remain in the arm position, the launcher
is not fully extended.) |
Caution: During the operation procedures
listed above, the gunner must keep the weapon
pointed down range, and insure that all parts of
his body are clear of the launcher end. He must
check the backblast area to insure it is clear.
b. In the event the launcher is prepared for
firing but is not fired, it may be returned to the
carry position by reversing the preparation proce-
dure. Return the trigger safety handle to safe po-
sition, depress barrel detent, collapse launch tube,
guide front and rear sight into position, and re-
place sling assembly. Once the launcher is re-
7
FM 23-33
SLING ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL OF SLING ASSEMBLY —
PREPARING TO EXTEND LAUNCHER
LAUNCHER EXTENDED
Figure 5. Extending the rocket launcher.
8 AGO 200044
FM 23-33
AIMING THE LAUNCHER
Figure 6. Moving safety handle to ARM position and aiming weapon.
AGO 20004A 9
FM 23-33
Figure 7.
turned to its original state it is no longer water-
tight; however, the rocket and rocket motor igni-
tion system are watertight and are virtually unaf-
fected by water.
c. The launcher can be transported by utilizing
the adjustable sling. The sling should be adjusted
to fit the individual comfortably. It should be
slung with the muzzle or forward end down (fig
Tk
12. Functioning of the Launcher
Once the M72A1, or M72A1E1, has been prepared
10
Carry positions.
for firing and the trigger depressed, the firing pin
rod assembly is released: The firing pin rod spring
drives the firing pin rod to the rear and into the
primer. The primer ignites a black powder in the
flash tube, which initiates the integral igniter of
the rocket motor. The igniter activates the propel-
lant in the rocket motor.
13. Malfunctions and Immediate Action
The most common malfunctions that occur with
the M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) are the mis-
fire and the hangfire.
AGO 20004A
a. Misfire. A misfire is a complete failure to fire,
which may be due to a faulty firing mechanism or
a faulty element in the propelling charge explo-
sive train. A misfire is not dangerous, but since it
cannot be immediately distinguished from a delay
in the functioning of the firing mechanism or
from a hangfire (b below), it should be considered
as a possible delay firing, until such a possibility
has been eliminated.
b. Hangfire. A hangfire is a delay in the func-
tioning of the propelling charge explosive train at
the time of firing. The amount of delay is unpre-
dictable, but in most cases will fall within the
range of a split second to several minutes. There-
fore, a hangfire cannot be distinguished immedi-
ately from a misfire.
c. Misfire Procedures. After failure to fire re-
squeeze the trigger. If the round does not fire, wait
AGO 200044
FM 23-33
10 seconds. Keeping the launcher trained on tar-
get, place the trigger safety handle on the SAFE
position and remove the launcher from the shoul-
der. Once the launcher is removed from the shoul-
der, wait 1 minute, depress the detent, and col-
lapse the launcher approximately 4 inches. Grasp
the rear sight cover and re-extend the launcher.
(The launcher is automatically cocked when re-ex-
tended.) Place the launcher on the shoulder, pull
the safety handle to ARM position, aim, and
squeeze the trigger. If the weapon still does not
fire, wait 10 seconds before returning the trigger
safety handle to the safe position. Keep the
weapon trained on the target area at least 1 min-
ute; but do not collapse the launcher. Discard the
launcher in accordance with procedures pre-
scribed in TM 9-1950 and AR 385-68, or the unit
SOP.
11
CHAPTER 3
ROCKET AMMUNITION
14. General
The M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) are issued
as complete rockets (fig 8). The propelling charge
is not adjustable and the rocket comes packed in
the launcher as a unit. The rocket consists of a
rocket head, a fuze, and a rocket motor which con-
tains the propellant and its igniter. A nozzle and a
fin assembly are rigidly attached to the rear of the
motor. The fuze closure serves also as the coupling
for the rocket head and motor. The only desig-
nated ammunition for the rocket is high explosive
antitank (HEAT). The rocket is 20 inches long,
weighs approximately 214 pounds, has a muzzle
velocity of about 475 feet per second, and has an
approximate maximum range of 1,000 meters.
a. High Explosive Antitank (HEAT) Rocket.
The 66-mm HEAT rocket warhead, M18, (fig 8)
consists of a tapered, thin-gauge steel body. It is
cylindrically shaped and contains a shaped charge
composed of two-thirds of a pound of octol explo-
sive held in place by a thin copper cone. When
detonated, the force and heat of this explosive is
focused by the copper cone, forming a small but
powerful jet. The forward end of the head, called
the ogive, is made of thin metal and is hollow. The
FOLDING FIN
CLOSURE
S\N
FIN LUGS
PROPELLANT STUDS
STUD PLATE
: ge *
IGNITER PROPELLANT
CHARGE
MOTOR BODY
ogive holds the shaped charge at the required dis-
tance from the target to obtain the maximum
effect of the jet. This distance is called standoff.
The jet penetrates the target and, in the case of
armor, causes particles to be knocked off the in-
side surface. If the jet hits the engine or the am-
munition storage, it will start a fire or cause an
explosion. (The M72A1E1 has a rocket with a
modified warhead which gives greater penetrating
capability.)
b. HEAT Rocket. The HEAT rocket is used pri-
marily against armor. It can be used against sec-
ondary targets such as gun emplacements and pill-
boxes with excellent results. It can also be used
against snipers or troops in the open.
15. Technical Characteristics
a. Nose Cap Assembly. The nose cap assembly
(fig 8) contains the piezo-electric element which is
crushed on impact with the target. When the pie-
zo-electric element is crushed, a small amount of
electric energy is developed and transmitted
through the lead wire to the fuze. This current
initiates the firing train starting at the electrical
detonator.
METAL-MATIC JOINT
‘ HEAD BODY OGIVE
LINER
TERMINALS
NOSE CAP
CONDUIT
LEAD WIRE
EXPLOSIVE
TETRYL BOOSTER
Figure 8. The 66-mm HEAT rocket.
12
AGO 20004A
b. Rocket Motor Ignition System. The rocket
motor ignition system (fig 9) for the M72A1/
M72A1E1 is composed of the following elements:
firing pin housing, firing pin rod and firing pin
rod spring, M29A1 percussion primer, primer
block with black powder flash charge, flash tube,
and black powder igniter. The following sequence
takes place as the unit is cocked and fixed: The
firing pin rod spring is compressed as the inner
tube is extended and locked into position (fig 9).
When the trigger is actuated, the firing pin rod is
released and strikes the center of the M29A1 prim-
er with sufficient force to detonate the primer.
The flash from the primer ignites the flash charge
located directly behind the primer in the primer
block. The ignited black powder generates a flash
or flame which travels within the plastic flash tube
to the igniter. The flame is dispersed within the
igniter body through radial holes in the flash tube
extension, igniting the black powder charge in the
igniter. The thin plastic film which seals the front
surface of the igniter is burned away, allowing the
REAR SIGHT COVER
FM 23-33
flame front to progress to the propellant and ig-
nite it. The igniter remains in the rocket nozzle
until the pressure reaches several hundred pounds
per square inch. This pressure level assures that
the propellant is ignited and that combustion is
stabilized. Further increase in pressure blows out
the igniter body, and the rocket will start to accel-
erate. The time required for this sequence of
events is about 40 milliseconds between the time
the trigger is squeezed and the launching of the
rocket. (For the M72A1 and M72A1E1, the firing
pin rod assembly functions the same as the firing
pin cable and the firing pin on the M72.)
c. Rocket Propulsion. The rocket is propelled by
a discharging jet of hot gas generated by the
burning propellant. The basic principle of rocket
propulsion may be described as follows: In the
case of a rocket motor, the gas pressure is built up
by the burning propellant within the motor. When
an opening is made at one end of the chamber the
pressure at the open end drops to near atmos-
pheric level while the pressure on the closed end or
FIRING PIN ROD ASSEMBLY
FIRING PIN HOUSING
M29A1 PRIMER
PRIMER BLOCK
BLACK POWDER
FLASH TUBE
Lai
W
7 Wai set if me
FIRING PIN ROD SPRING
za
WV: WWMM
ROCKET MOTOR
BLACK POWDER IGNITER
Figure 9.
GO 20004A
PROPELLANT
Rocket motor ignition system.
13
FM 23-33
surface remains momentarily much greater than
the normal atmospheric pressure. As a result of
this unbalanced pressure within the rocket motor
the rocket starts to move in the direction of the
closed end as a stream or jet of gas is exhausted
from the open end or nozzle. The speed and the
quantity of the gases escaping to the rear deter-
mine the speed of the rocket. Pressure within the
RIGHT SIDE
rocket motor will be maintained until the propel-
lant is completely burned and, therefore, the
rocket will accelerate until the burning of the pro-
pellant is completed. The total burning time is
controlled by the propellant type and size.
d. Fuze. The M412 fuze is drop-safe and bore-
safe. The minimum arming distance is approxi-
U. Ss. ARMY
* ROCKET HE 66MM ANTITANK M72A1
reece marr’ T FOR
Le mam | ae
7 coven
amas oom
otk LPORED MERE
wes . :
Ss
LEFT SIDE
Figure 10. Identification label (top) ; firing instructions (bottom).
14
AGO 20004A
NOSE-END
EXPLOSIVE
S 66MM LAW. HE M (72)
moo 0 U.S
FM 23-3
LEGEND
ROCKETS HEAT
15 66MM LAW, HE M (72)
nr. 4
WEIGHT 115 LBS
LOT NUMBER 1} CU 7.05
ROCKET AMMUNITION WITH J LOADED DATE
EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES
Figure 11. Packaging and shipping containers.
mately 30 feet. For graze functioning of the fuze,
there is a spring-loaded firing pin which is re-
leased by decelerating force of graze impact. This
fires a stab sensitive primer located adjacent to
the detonator. This action, in turn, activates the
explosive train which explodes the warhead.
e. Fin Assembly. Six holding fin attachment
lugs are attached as an integral part of the motor.
These fins are actuated by springs. As the rocket
clears the launcher, the fins spring out and stabi-
lize the rocket in flight (fig 8).
16. Identification of Rocket and Launcher
The rocket and launcher are identified as to type
AGO 200044
by color and marking (fig 10). The color scheme is
as follows:
Type and marking Components
HEAT rocket; black in Rocket, live percussion
color, stenciled in yel- primer, live motor, live
low. fuze with booster, and
live warhead M18.
17. Packaging
Five complete systems (units) are packaged in a
fiberboard inner pack, and three inner packs in a
wirebound, wooden outer pack. The inner pack
with end pads and five units weighs 2714 pounds
and the gross weight of the outer pack. with 15
units weighs 120 pounds. The inner and outer
boxes are marked as shown in figure 11.
FM 23-33
~-
CHAPTER 4
M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72): MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS, DECONTAMINATION,
DESTRUCTION
Section I.
18. Maintenance
The M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) require no
preventive maintenance or repairs at first or
second echelon. No repair parts are supplied to the
using organization.
19. Inspections
Because the M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) are
issued as an item of ammunition rather than a
weapon, inspections should be limited to visual ex-
aminations of the sealed unit.
a. The M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) should
Section Il.
20. Procedures
If the M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) become contami-
nated, decontamination personnel should use a
complete set of protective clothing (permeable or
impermeable) including impermeable protective
gloves and a protective mask.
21. Types of Contamination
a. If contamination occurs with chemicals other
Section Ill.
22. General
a. When capture of the M72A1, M72A1E1,
(M72) is imminent or if it becomes necessary to
abandon the system in a combat zone, the unit
commander, in accordance with instructions from
higher command, may order its destruction.
b. Adequate destruction requires that all parts
essential to the operation of the system be de-
stroyed or damaged beyond repair. Priority is
given, however, to the destruction of those parts
most difficult to replace, such as the sight, firing
mechanism, and launching tube. It is important
that the same parts of all systems be destroyed so
16
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS
be examined to insure that all of the seals are
intact and that the tube has not been cracked,
punctured, or crushed. The rubber boots covering
the trigger bar and the detent should not be torn
or punctured and the sling should be serviceable.
Since the M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) are
waterproofed at the time of issue, the launcher
should not be extended until the unit is ready to be
fired.
b. The pull pin and the ‘trigger safety handle
should be in place. The exposed portions of both
front and rear sights should also be examined to
detect possible damage.
DECONTAMINATION
than the blister agents, G-series or V-agents, de-
contamination can be accomplished by airing or
washing the contaminated areas.
b. If the source of contamination is a blister
agent, G-series or V-agent, the affected areas
should be cleaned of all dirt, grease, or oil, and
scrubbed with soap and water or cleansed with
noncorrosive decontaminating agent DS-2. For
more complete information on decontaminating
consult FM 21-40.
DESTRUCTION
the enemy cannot construct one complete unit
from several damaged ones.
c. Any time the unit is-fired, in a tactical situa-
tion, the launcher should be destroyed.
23. Destruction
Destruction can be accomplished by any one of
four methods (TM 9-1840-214-12).
a. Burning.
b. Demolition.
c. Gunfire.
d, Crushing.
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 5
PREPARATORY MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING
24. General
Preparatory marksmanship exercises are designed
to train gunners in the essentials of good marks-
manship and develop the correct habits necessary
to become good marksmen before range firing be-
gins. There are four areas in which a gunner
should become proficient before firing for fami-
liarization. These areas are aiming, trigger
squeeze, immediate action, and positions.
25. Aiming
a. Rear Sight. The rear sight on the M72A1,
M72A1E1, (M72) is basically a simple peepsight.
The gunner sights through the rear sight by plac-
ing his eye on line with the peephole and sighting
toward the front sight reticle.
b. Front Sight Reticle Pattern. The M72A1/
M72A1E1 sight reticle has a vertical range line
with ranges from 50 to 350 meters in 25-meter
increments, two curved stadia lines to aid the gun-
ner in range estimation, and lead index marks rep-
resenting 15 miles per hour of target speed (fig
4).
c. Use of Sights. In general, to sight the
launcher the gunner must first estimate the range
to the target with the stadia lines. Once the range
is estimated, the gunner places the launcher in
position on his shoulder so that his eye is close to,
and in line with, the peephole in the rear sight.
The gunner looks through the peephole at the
sight reticle and places the target on the range
line corresponding to the estimated range to the
target. Using the sight on the M72A1/M72A1E1
is the same as with the M72 except that stadia
lines have been added to aid the gunner in estimat-
ing range to targets of known dimensions; e.g., a
tank, or a truck. Examples describing specific
rules for aiming follow:
(1) Stationary target. To engage a stationary
target the gunner estimates the range to the tar-
get, finds this range on the vertical range line, and
places that point on the target’s center of mass
(fig 12).
AGO 200044
(2) Targets moving directly toward or away
from the gunner. The gunner must use a half sta-
dia sight picture to estimate the range to the tar-
get, locate this range on the vertical range line
(fig 13), and place this point so the range segment
is on the target center of mass. If the target is
moving directly away from the gunner, the proce-
dure would be the same.
(3) Targets moving directly across the gun-
ner’s front. With a target moving perpendicular to
the gunner’s line of sight, the gunner must esti-
mate the range to the target and the speed the
target is moving. The sight reticle should be
placed on the target so that the vertical range line
is always in front of the target’s direction of
travel. With the correct range marking lined up
on the target, the rocket launcher must be moved
horizontally in the direction of the target’s move-
ment so that the lead cross opposite the range is
lined up on the forward section of the target (fig
14). With this line of aim, and the target moving
at 15 miles per hour at a distance less than 200
meters, the rocket should strike the rear third of
the target. If the target is at a distance greater
than 200 meters the gunner estimates additional
lead. The lead marks on the M72 sight reticle indi-
cate 15 miles per hour of speed. If the gunner
estimates the target’s speed as less than 15 miles
per hour he must interpolate the amount of lead
necessary to engage the target by visualizing a
point on the reticle (fig 15).
(4) Targets moving at an angle toward or
away from the gunner. When the target is moving
toward the gunner at an angle where more of the
front of the target is visible than the side, the
gunner should estimate the range to the target
and place that range on the forward edge of the
target (fig 16). If the target is moving at an angle
where more of the side is visible than the front the
gunner would estimate the range, estimate the
speed it appears to be moving, and apply one-half
lead to the forward edge of the target (fig 17).
26. Trigger Squeeze
The trigger is unique in that it is a bar located on
17
FM 23-33
Figure 12. Front sight: using stadia lines for range estimation
(side view at 200 meters).
the top of the launcher. To fire, pressure must be
applied straight down. The thumb may be placed
under the launcher or alongside the tube depend-
ing upon the size of the gunner’s hand, and which-
ever is more comfortable. The gunner should
apply a steady, smooth squeeze downward with
finger tips only.
18
27. Immediate Action
The gunner should be familiar with the procedure
for applying immediate action before he is allowed
to fire. The only time immediate action need be
applied is in the event of a malfunction. The de-
tailed steps of immediate action are found in para-
graph 138.
AGO 20004A
232, Wi _ 32
== eee =
EES Sn —_
FM 23-33
Figure 18. Front sight: using stadia lines for range estimation
(head-on at 200 meters).
28. Positions
The M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) may be fired from
the right or left shoulder in the standing, kneel-
ing, modified kneeling, sitting, or prone positions.
The exact positions may vary slightly to allow for
the configuration of the individual’s body. The
gunner must insure that his position is stable and
AGO 20004A
comfortable and that it is the most suitable one
for engaging the target. In general, the most suit-
able positions for engaging a moving target are
standing and modified kneeling. All of the posi-
tions are suitable for stationary targets. Situation,
terrain, and gunner preference should govern the
selection of the best position. Whenever possible,
19
FM 23-33
Figure 14. Target moving left to right, 15 m.p.h., at 200 meters.
gunners should employ the following positions
with support, as the inherent stability of. a sup-
ported position aids the gunner when aiming. If a
gunner is left-handed the procedures used for po-
sitions should be reversed.
a. Standing Position. The standing position (fig
18) is similar to the standing position for firing a
rifle. Face the target, execute a half-right face,
spread the feet a comfortable distance apart, and
place the launcher on the shoulder; the body
should be well-balanced with the hips level. The
20
left hand should be directly under the forward
portion of the launcher. The right elbow should be
placed against the body for stability. To traverse
in this position, move the body from the ankles up.
b. Kneeling Position. There are two satisfactory
kneeling positions. The first position described (fig
19) is preferable for tracking moving targets. To
assume the kneeling position for engaging moving
targets, face the target, execute a half-right. face,
and kneel on the right knee with the upper part of
the right leg vertical. Point the left leg toward the
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
Figure 15. Target moving left to right, 10 m.p.h., at 200 meters.
target with the left foot at a right angle to and
opposite the right knee. The left leg forms a right
angle to the ground. Hold the body erect with the
left elbow under the launcher and the right elbow
against the side. The second kneeling position (fig
20) is similar to the kneeling position for firing
the rifle. Kneel on the right knee with the right
thigh at a 90 degree angle with the line of aim and
sit back on the right heel, shifting the weight for-
ward. As viewed from the front, the left leg is
vertical. It need not appear vertical, however,
AGO 200044
when viewed from the side. Rest the upper left
arm forward of the left knee and the right arm
against the body. Either position may be used
when firing at stationary or moving targets; how-
ever, the first kneeling position allows easier tra-
verse.
c. Sitting Position. There are two satisfactory
sitting positions. In the first position (fig 21), the
gunner will face the target, execute a half-right
face, sit with legs crossed, lean slightly forward
2t
FM 23-33
Figure 16. Target moving toward gurner, 150 meters, at an angle of
45 degrees or less.
from the hips, and rest the elbows forward of the
knees to avoid bone-to-bone contact.
Caution: Be sure no portion of body is in back-
blast area.
Place the right hand on the trigger and grasp the
forward section of the tube with the left hand. To
assume the alternate position (fig 22), face the
22
target, execute a half-right face, and sit with the
legs partially extended and well apart. Brace by
digging the heels into the ground in the conven-
tional rifle position. Rest the elbows forward of
the knees to avoid bone-to-bone contact. The sit-
ting position is suitable for firing at stationary
targets and is more stable than the kneeling posi-
tion.
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
Figure 17. Target moving away from gunner, 175 meters, at an angle of 45 degrees.
d. Prone Position. To assume the prone position
(fig 23) lie down at an angle of not less than 45
degrees to the line of fire in order to keep clear of
the backblast area. The back should be straight
and the right leg directly on a line running
through the right hip and right shoulder. Move
the left leg as far as possible with comfort. Keep
AGO 20004A
both heels on the ground. Hold both elbows well
below the launcher. Hold the head as steady as
possible with the right eye lined up with the
sights. If an occasion which requires tracking a
moving target should arise, maintain a 45 degree
angle so the backblast is not directed at the feet
and legs.
23
FM 23-33
Figure 18. Standing position.
24 AGO 200044
AGO 20004A
Figure 19.
Modified kneeling position.
25
FM 23-33
Figure 20. Kneeling position.
26. AGO 20004A
FM
23-33
AGO 200044
Figure 21.
Sitting position.
27
FM 23-33
28
Figure 22.
Alternate sitting position.
4
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
GUNNER'S BODY
AT 90 DEGREE
ANGLE TO
LAUNCHER
Figure 28. Prone position.
AGO 20004A
29
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 6
RANGE PROCEDURES AND SAFETY
29. Backblast Area
The M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72) have no
recoil because they are open chambered weapons.
The propellent gases escape to the rear of the
launcher and can cause severe injury to personnel
and damage to equipment located within close
proximity to the breech of the launcher. The total
backblast area extends 40 meters to the rear of the
launcher (fig 24). The danger zone extends 15 me-
ters to the rear of the tube and has a base of 8
meters. All personnel, equipment, and flammable
materials must be clear of this area. The caution
zone extends an additional 25 meters beyond the
danger zone and has a base of 25 meters. Person-
nel in this area could be injured from secondary
missiles that are thrown to the rear by the blast.
In a training situation the entire 40-meter area
should be marked off and kept clear of all person-
nel and equipment.
30. Range Firing Procedures
The following precautions apply when firing the
M72A1 and M72A1E1 (and M72):
a. Before firing, the entire backblast area must
be clear of all personnel, equipment, and flamma-
ble material.
b. Range firing does not begin until the officer in
charge knows the range is clear. He gives the com-
mand to fire.
c. At least one officer must be present during all
firing.
d. No person moves to, or leaves, the firing line
without the permission of the officer in charge.
e. The ready line is placed to the flank of the
firing line.
f. No one passes into the area behind the firing
line, and forward of the rear safety line, without
permission of the officer in charge.
g. All munitions are covered to protect them
from the rays of the sun.
h. The M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) is not fired
when temperatures exceed the operating limits of
the munition (—40°F. to +140°F.).
7. To account for all duds when firing HEAT
rockets, a noncommissioned officer is designated to
count the number of rockets fired and the number
of explosions. Range firing, and the destruction of
duds, is conducted according to the provisions out-
lined in AR 385-63 and TM 9-—13800-206.
AGO 20004A
iB > - r a
See 25 METERS SE el
CAUTION ZONE
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 7
TECHNIQUE OF FIRE
31. General
Training in technique of fire teaches the gunner to
place effective fire on the target. It should be given
after preparatory marksmanship training, but
prior to range firing. This training includes range
estimation, speed estimation, and target vulnera-
bility.
32. Range Estimation
With the M72A1/M72A1E1 the maximum range
at which targets can be engaged using the sight is
350 meters; therefore, range estimation exercises
need only go as far as 350 meters. In making range
estimates the emphasis should be placed on speed
and accuracy. Training should begin with station-
ary targets and gradually progress to moving tar-
gets as the gunner’s proficiency increases. With
M72 the maximum range at which a target can be
engaged with the sight is 325 meters. For princi-
ples and procedures of range estimation see FM
23-71.
33. Speed Estimation
a. The 66-mm HEAT rocket, M72A1, M72A1EF1,
(M72), was designed primarily for use against
tanks and other armored vehicles. Normally, these
targets are in motion and accurate engagement
32
depends upon the gunner’s ability to estimate
speed as well as range.
b. The ability to estimate speed is developed in
approximately the same manner as estimating
range; that is, by constant practice. The trainee
should begin by estimating speed at known ranges
and constant direction. The types of vehicles
should be varied. As the gunner improves, the
ranges, directions, and type of vehicles can be var-
ied at the same time. (Tanks should be used when-
ever possible.)
34. The Vulnerability of Armor
a. A tank, without the protection afforded by
dismounted infantry, is vulnerable to a close-in
attack by well-armed infantry units. When but-
toned up, the visibility of the tank crew is re-
stricted. These “blind spots” can be used effec-
tively as avenues of approach for tank killer
teams.
b. The tank usually has its heaviest armor lo-
cated on the front slopes. By comparison, the rear,
sides, and bottom have much less armor protec-
tion. A gunner should attempt to engage a tank
from the side whenever possible. The side offers
the largest possible target area and less armor
protection. The gunner should always attempt to
obtain a center-of-mass hit.
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
CHAPTER 8 —
TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT
35. General
The M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) is issued as a mu-
nition rather than as an individual weapon, and is
carried and employed by the soldier in addition to
his basic combat arm. Basic loads for the M72A1,
M72A1E1, (M72) are assigned to each unit as
with other types of ammunition. Individuals as-
signed to units authorized a basic load should be
trained in the use of this weapon (app C). It sup-
plements other organic antitank weapons, and
provides the primary means of antitank protec-
tion for the rifle squad and other units or installa-
tions not having organic antitank weapons. It may
be employed in the offense by assault elements, or
in the defense by any combat or noncombat ele-
ment of the Army.
36. Offensive Actions
In the attack, light antitank weapons should be
readily available to influence the action where nec-
essary. Due to their relatively short range, they
should be interspersed throughout the maneuver
element. As the weapon is designed to be employed
by an individual, the firer must look to the rear
before firing to insure backblast clearance. Light
antitank weapons are employed primarily against
armored vehicles; they may also be employed
against light vehicles, bunkers, pillboxes, or other
crew-served weapon positions. They are particu-
larly effective against built-up areas, fortified po-
sitions, or strong enemy defenses.
37. Defensive Actions
Light antitank weapons should be issued to per-
sonnel in such a manner as to be positioned later-
ally and in depth to cover the most likely avenues
of armored approach. Lateral dispersion is neces-
sary to increase the probability of obtaining
AGO 20004A
oblique fire on enemy armor approaching the de-
fensive position. Due to its one-shot capability,
more than one should normally be assigned to
those individuals designated to fire the weapon.
Since riflemen may be issued the weapon to fire
from their normal fighting positions, consideration
must be given to the clearance of backblast areas
in conjunction with the construction of positions.
Although the M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) is em-
ployed primarily against armor, it may also be
employed against grouped or attacking personnel.
38. Specialized Actions
The ratio of destructive power in comparison with
its light weight makes the M72A1, M72A1E1,
(M72) an excellent weapon for combat patrols,
ambush parties, and tank-killer teams. It can be
effectively employed by raiding parties against
such targets as command posts, communications
installations, and supply dumps. The tank-killer
team can operate in either an offensive or defen-
sive action. In general, tank-killer teams should be
employed during periods of limited visibility and
in areas where cover, concealment, and with-
drawal routes are readily available. As a mini-
mum, the team should have a leader, a support
element, and an antitank element. A four-man
team provides the minimum number of personnel
to accomplish this type of mission. Some areas
which are suited for tank-killer operations include
dense forests with only a few roads, natural de-
files, terrain that canalizes enemy armor into a
narrow front, and built-up areas such as towns or
cities. Hit-and-run tactics should be used by tank-
killer teams. Their mission is to destroy, delay,
disorganize, and demoralize enemy armor forma-
tions before they can attack. Because of its light-
weight and high penetrating power the M72A1,
M72A1E1, (M72) is ideally suited for use by the
tank-killer team.
33
FM 23-33
APPENDIX A
TEXT REFERENCES AND TRAINING AIDS
Text References
a. Army Regulations (AR).
34
385-63 Regulations for Firing Ammuni-
tion for Training, Target Prac-
tice, and Combat.
b. Field Manuals (FM).
4-15 Rifle Platoons and Squads—lIn-
fantry, Airborne, and Mech-
anized.
21-5 Military Training Management.
21-6 Techniques of Military Instruc-
tion.
21-30 Military Symbols.
21-40 Chemical, Biological, Radiological
and Nuclear Defense.
23-71 Rifle Marksmanship.
Technical Manuals (TM).
9-1300-— Care, Handling, Preservation, and
206 Destruction of Ammunition .
9-1340— Operator and Organizational
214-12. Maintenance Manual — 66-mm
Light Antitank Weapon System
M72 Series.
9-1950 Rockets.
2. Training Aids, Equipment, Facilities
a. Aids.
Training films (TF).
7-3421 Infantry Weapons Against Tanks
(30 min).
b. Equipment.
Expended launchers.
Subcaliber training devices.
Subcaliber training ammunition.
Rocket/launcher weapons.
Public address system.
. Facilities.
Classroom.
Training field (optional).
Familiarization range.
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
APPENDIX B
ADVICE TO INSTRUCTORS
1. Purpose
This appendix is a guide for instructors. Its con-
tents should not limit their initiative and original-
ity, provided they observe the necessary safety
precautions.,
2. Method of Instruction
a. Instruction should be presented using expla-
nation, demonstration, and application. The coach
and pupil method is recognized as extremely effec-
tive.
b. Each man’s training must be closely super-
vised to insure a high standard of proficiency and
knowledge.
3. Training Objectives
The objective of training outlined herein is to
train the light antitank weapon gunner to effec-
tively employ the weapon in combat.
4. Assistant Instructors
Prior to instruction, train selected personnel as
demonstrators and assistant instructors. Use at
least one assistant instructor for each four men
undergoing training. Assistant instructors must
be able to correct errors and answer questions per-
taining to the training. To give the students a
clear picture of the work under discussion, make
sure the demonstrators are trained and rehearsed
thoroughly so demonstrations are correct in every
detail.
5. General Training Notes
a. The minimum time required to train the gun-
ner in the use of the weapon is 4 hours. This 4-
hour block (app C) should be given in four succes-
sive hours rather than at four separate times.
Training in tactics and techniques of employment
should be covered during basic unit training.
b. The expended launcher is considered to be the
most valuable training aid available for training
AGO 20004A
with this system. Whenever possible, these launch-
ers should be obtained and used throughout the
course of instruction. Other training aids may be
constructed using (as a guide) the photographs
and diagrams contained within this manual. Re-
gardless of whether the training aids are requisi-
tioned or constructed, they should be available in
sufficient time to assure that all assistant instruc-
tors are thoroughly familiar with them.
c. The instructor, demonstrators, and assistant
instructors should be well-rehearsed and knowl-
edgable on the weapon system(s). The instructor
should make maximum use of explanation and
demonstration. Practical exercises should be
closely supervised to assure that the students do
not develop poor habits. There should be at least
one assistant instructor per four students during
practical work. During live firing at least one
safety noncommissioned officer per two students
should be present, preferably one per student.
d. The amount of pressure required to depress
the trigger to fire the weapon is great when com-
pared with other infantry weapons; therefore, it
is suggested that three fingers be placed on the
trigger bar and that the pressure be applied to the
tip of the bar. It should be noted that this trigger
has a long squeeze and as a result there is a tend-
ency for the gunner to anticipate the discharge of
the rocket and flinch. Practice with expended
launchers can be helpful in overcoming this tend-
ency.
e. It is suggested that the kneeling position be
used for familiarization firing to give the gunner
maximum support and the range officer better con-
trol of the firing line.
6. Suggested Course of Training
For a suggested course of training see appendix C.
7. Suggested Range Layout
For a suggested firing range layout see figure 25.
35
FM 23-33
36
oe eB Wien REI S| ere) ETO
TARGETS
MTA bia lk 4 ER aT | (eeeeee |
DIRECTION OF
FIRE
aa (FIRING LINE)
aa tl) (REAR SAFETY LIMIT)
Notes. 1. When firing, the safety NCO should be in position where he can influence the students movements at all
times.
2. A 3.5-inch rocket.range must have the following modifications for firing M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72).
a
b
. Range must be cleared for firing HEAT ammunition.
. Range fan and safety zones must be increased to accommodate increased range of M72A1, M72A1F1,
(M72).
c. Students should be placed on every other firing point when firing, in order to insure safety.
d
. No cross range firing should be allowed.
3. The first round should be fired at range of 150 meters.
Figure 25. Suggested training course.
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
APPENDIX C
TRAINING SCHEDULE
(Basic unit training)
1. Introduction
This appendix provides instruction to train per-
sonnel, in all components of the Army, to fire the
M72A1, M72A1E1, and M72. (The schedule is de-
signed as a continuation of 66-mm HEAT rocket
instruction presented in Basic Combat Training
(ASubjScd 23-74), and, it is essentially the same
as 66-mm HEAT rocket instruction presented in
infantry advanced individual training (ASubjScd
7-11B10, 7-11C10, 7-11H10).
2. 66-mm HEAT rocket, M72A1, M72A1E1, (M72) (4 Hr)
Introduction to the
weapon to include
characteristics, capa-
bilities, functioning,
and safety precau-
tions.
Preventive maintenance,
and practical exercise
in placing the
launcher in and out
of action and tracking
moving targets.
Safety precautions and
familiarization firing}
Note. Period 8 will be 8 hours upon receipt of subcaliber devices (app D).
3. 66-mm HEAT Rocket, M72A1, M72A1E1,
(M72) (4 Hr)
a. Period 1. (1 Hr).
(1) Lesson objective. To teach the individual
the characteristics, nomenclature, functioning,
and capabilities of the weapon.
(2) Lesson outline.
fe eAncrocuciion We (2 min)
(b) Discuss characteristics, capabilities,
and functioning of the weapon ________ (10 min)
(c) Discuss preparatory marksmanship
bo) en See ee Oe hs ke (15 min)
(d) Discuss immediate action, recocking,
Wala Rubs tea vo cbt h Coy 6). eWies kelee Sallie teats Ci tia (10 min)
AGO 20004A
Training aids and equipment
Classroom, or famil- Expended launcher; GTA 7-
larization range. 1-( ); public address
system.
One expended launcher per
individual, public address
system.
Training field, or
familiarization
range.
Familiarization
range.
Two live weapons per
trainee. (Upon receipt of
subcaliber devices, firing
will consist of one modified
launcher and five sub-
caliber rounds per trainee,
plus one live weapon per
trainee.) Public address
system.
(e) Discuss safety precautions __(10 min)
(f) Summarize the lesson _______ (3 min)
b. Period 2. (1 Hr).
(1) Lesson objective. To teach the individual
how to—
(a) Prepare the weapon for firing.
(b) Take immediate action in case of a mis-
fire.
(c) Recock and return it to the carrying
position.
(d) Assume proper firing positions, get the
proper sight pictures, and squeeze the trigger
properly.
37
FM 23-33
(e) Engage moving targets at various
ranges and speeds.
(2) Lesson outline.
(a) Introduction ___ (5 min)
(b) Demonstrate placing the weapon into
operation, and immediate action and recocking
Procedures: {2 See yer eee re eee (5 min)
(c) Demonstrate the correct firing posi-
TIONS? te se ee ere ees (4 min)
(d) Conduct practical exercise in assuming
correct firing prositions _o 22 93-225 Ls (8 min)
(e) Discuss aiming and trigger squeeze
eRe MTS tA aes Poy ee eee Se (4 min)
(f) Conduct practical exercise on aiming
and trigrer squceze mes ee eee (38 min)
(g) Discuss range and speed estimation
Se eer are nas Cee (3 min)
1b0 meters. ee
200. “‘metersee= 2 eae
(b) Period 3 will be increased to 3 hours
upon receipt of the subcaliber device, with the ad-
ditional hour being added to the conduct of fami-
150. meters = 2. ee ES
200 :metersg= eee ee
150,meters geen see. ee
200. meters: eeee see ee
2 subcaliber se Tanka(Stationary) —__-
Ll subealiberae |)
2 snbeslibereee == eae
_.. | Tank (Silhouette Moving) ~---------~-.
2 te lank (Stahonary) 2.4.22 oe
timation and tracking moving targets ___(8 min)
(4) Summarize the lesson _______ (5 min)
c. Period 8. (2 Hr).
(1) Lesson objective. To teach the individual
how to engage a stationary target.
(2) Lesson outline.
(a) Explain range procedures and safety
precautions +2) a ee ee ee (10 min)
(b) Conduct familiarization firing as out-
lined in the table below ______________ (85 min)
(c) Summarize the lesson _______ (5 min)
(3) Familiarization course.
(a) The course below will be conducted
until the subcaliber device becomes available. The
class will be divided into two groups with the first
group going to the firing line. The use of time for
the second group is at the discretion of the local
commander. Groups will change as each completes
firing.
Standing.
Kneeling.
Dummy Tank (Stationary) ___-__
Dummy Tank (Stationary) —_----
liarization firing. The firing will be conducted as
indicated below.
Sitting.
Kneeling.
Modified
kneeling.
Kneeling.
Tank (Stationary) -2—~.22 2... .30--- ioe
AGO 20004A
FM 23-33
APPENDIX D —
SUBCALIBER DEVICE
1. Introduction
This device is being developed to enhance instruc-
tion on the 66-mm HEAT rocket by reducing the
cost of training through the use of relatively inex-
pensive “training” rockets. The subcaliber system
is briefly explained below. Upon completion of sys-
tems development appropriate training proce-
dures will be incorporated in this manual.
2. Launcher
Only expended M72A1 or M72A1E1 launchers are
adaptable to the trainer system. The launcher(s)
is modified by removing its inner tube and replac-
ing it with the XM190 subcaliber tube (fig 26).
AGO 20004A
3. Primer Block
The rear primer block of the expended launch-
er(s) is replaced by two studs and a rear primer
housing door (fig 26) designed for ease of loading
the system.
4. Projectile
The XM73 subcaliber projectile is an explosive
385-mm round that is detonated by percussion at
point of impact. The primer cap and primer train
are similar to those employed on the standard 66-
mm HEAT rocket launcher system (fig 26).
FM 23-33
40
@)
LAUNCHER, ROCKET, PRACTICE Xm 190
Figure 26.
PRIMER HOUSING DOOR
¢ ~~
«.
wt
Subcaliber system for 66-mm HEAT rocket training.
AGO
20004A
AGO 20004A
PRIMER HOUSING LOCK PIN
PRIMER HOUSING DOOR
RETAINING SCREWS
Figure 26.—Continued.
FM 23-33
41
FM 23-33
APPENDIX E
M72 CONFIGURATION
1. M72 Configuration
The original M72 configuration is no longer in
production. The system is classified Standard B.
However, there are M72’s available. It varies from
later models as described below.
2. Nomenclature
Reference figure 27.
3. Rear Sight
The rear sight (fig 28) consists of two stamped
metal parts and a rubber boot. The fixed portion
of the sight is marked with the words COLD and
NORM indented on the bottom and it has two
peepholes punched in it. The second piece has a
small window in it and slides up and down on the
fixed portion. The rubber boot is placed over the
top portion of the sight to protect the gunner’s eye
from the sharp metal edges. By moving the slide
up or down to aline the window with one of the
peepholes, the sight can be adjusted for the tem-
perature of the rocket. When the slide is alined
with the lower peephole, and only the word NORM
is visible at the bottom, the sight is set for any
temperature above 32°F. When the window in the
slide is alined with the upper peephole, and the
word COLD is visible, the sight is set for 32°F.
and below.
Note. When setting the rear sight for the appropriate
temperature, the gunner should remember that the tem-
perature of the rocket propellant is the critical factor as
to what setting should be used on the sight, not just the
outside temperaturé, e.g., if the munition has been stored
in a warm place, the NORM setting should be used even
though the outside temperature may be below freezing.
4. Recocking
A recocking latch is used to recock the launcher
before extending it, and when the launcher has
failed to fire. After a failure to fire has been expe-
rienced, the recocking latch should not be acti-
vated until the following precautions have been
taken: The gunner keeps the weapon on his shoul-
der, resqueezes the trigger, and waits for 10 sec-
42
onds; at the completion of the waiting period he
resets the trigger safety and removes the launcher
from his shoulder; then he replaces the safety pin
and waits an additional 60 seconds.
Caution: Should the safety pin hole for the rear
safety pin be obstructed by the firing pin, do not
attempt to replace it or collapse the launcher for
recocking. Remove the launcher, as is, to a safe
place and destory it in accordance with unit SOP.
5. Placing M72 in Operation
a. Step 1. With the feet in the firing position,
turn the upper portion of the body to the right.
Pull out on the recocking latch to insure the
weapon is cocked. Remove the rear cover retaining
pin with the right hand, then rotate the rear cover
downward and allow the sling assembly (includ-
ing the front cover) to fall free.
Note. Gunner shoud be able to observe target area and
backblast area.
b. Step 2. Holding the launcher out to the front,
and away from the body with the left hand, grasp
the rear sight cover and firing pin housing with
the right hand, keeping the heel of the heel of the
hand against the rear safety pin.
Caution: Hold launcher in position with left
hand so no part of the body is forward or to the
rear of the launcher, and the right arm is perpen-
dicular to the weapon.
c. Step 3. Extend the launcher by pulling out
with the right hand until the inner (rear) tube is
locked into the extended position.
Caution: Insure that the heel of the right hand
is holding the rear safety pin in place while ex-
tending the launcher.
d. Step 4. Check the setting on the rear sight,
insuring it corresponds to the propellent tempera-
ture. Remove the rear safety pin with the right
hand, keeping all parts of the hand clear of the
backblast area.
e. Step 5. Place the launcher on the shoulder in
AGO 20004A
the firing position with the rear cover acting as a
stock against the forward portion of the shoulder.
Release the trigger safety by pushing it forward,
aim and depress the trigger bar. Once the rocket
has been fired the launcher is discarded.
6. Misfire Procedure
Once a failure to fire has been experienced, the
gunner keeps the launcher on his shoulder, re-
squeezes the trigger, and waits for 10 seconds.
After waiting 10 seconds he returns the trigger
safety handle to the safe position and reinserts the
safety pin in the firing pin housing, then waits an
additional 60 seconds before collapsing the launch-
er. After a 1-minute delay, squeeze the boot detent
to retract the weapon at least 1 inch. Pull the re-
cocking latch rod handle forward until it stops and
FRONT COVER
TRIGGER BAR
FRONT sicHt TRIGGER SAFETY
RECOCKING LATCH
FRONT TUBE
REAR COVER
FIRING INSTRUCTIONS
ADJUSTABLE SLING ~
FIRING INSTRUCTIONS
FM 23-33
release it. Grasp the rear sight cover and firing
pin housing, keeping the heel of the right hand
against the rear safety pin and re-extend the
launcher to, the locked position. Withdraw the
safety pin.
Caution: All this time the weapon must remain
as near the on-target position as possible and the
backblast area must be clear of personnel. Partic-
ular care should be taken by the gunner in remov-
ing the launcher from his shoulder, and keeping
his body out of the backblast area during the re-
cocking phase.
Next, the weapon must be reaimed and the trigger
safety handle pulled to the release position. Again
squeeze the trigger bar. If the weapon still does
not fire, wait 10 seconds before returning the trig-
REAR COVER
REAR SIGHT
REAR SIGHT COVER
FIRING PIN CABLE
SAFETY PIN
FIRING PIN
PRIMER BLOCK
REAR TUBE
BAIL HANDLE
REAR COVER RETAINING PIN
Figure 27. M72 launcher nomenclature.
AGO 20004A
43
FM 23-33
ger safety to the safe position and before reinsert- accordance with procedures prescribed in TM
ing the safety pin in the launcher. Keep the 9-1950 and AR 385-63.
weapon trained on the target area at least 1 min- Caution: Should the safety pin hole for the
ute; do not collapse the launcher; discard in rear safety pin be obstructed by the firing pin, do
K—_———_—— RUBBER BOOT
PEEP HOLES
-TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT SLIDE
32°F AND BELOW
ABOVE 32°F
REAR SIGHT COVER
Figure 28. M72 sights.
AGO 20004A
not attempt to replace it or collapse the launcher
for recocking. Remove the launcher, as is, to a
safe place and destroy it in accordance with the
unit SOP.
7. Restoring Launcher
In the event the M72 is prepared for firing but is
not fired, it may be returned to the carry position
by reversing the preparation procedure. First
reset the trigger safety and then remove the
launcher from the shoulder. Replace the rear
safety pin insuring it is fully seated (the rubber
“OQ” ring seal on the safety pin should not be visi-
ble). Depress the detent (fig 28) and partially col-
lapse the launcher insuring the heel of the right
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
Official :
KENNETH G. WICKHAM,
Major General, United States Army,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution:
FM 23-33
hand is against the rear safety pin (fig 27).- Fold
the rear sight down so that it will slide into the
sight cover as the launcher is completely collapsed.
Fold the front sight forward over the muzzle and
replace the front cover and sling assembly. The
M72 is now back in its original state except that
it is no longer waterproofed.
Caution: The rear safety pin must not be re-
moved until the launcher is fully extended. If the
launcher is to be returned to the carry position,
the rear safety pin must be replaced before the
detent is depressed and the launcher is collapsed.
If the safety pin is not replaced before the
launcher is collapsed, the firing pin may strike the
primer with sufficient force to fire the rocket.
W. C. WESTMORELAND,
General, United States Army,
Chief of Staff.
To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-11 requirements for 66MM, High Explosive Anti-
tank Rocket, M72.
AGO 20004A
* U, §, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1975 598-204/1621
45
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FM 23-33 66=MM HEAT ROCKET M72A1, M72A1E1, AND M72-1970