involuntary

Founding-era definition · Webster's 1828 American Dictionary

INVOL'UNTARY, adjective [Latin in and voluntarius. See Voluntary.] 1. Not having will or choice; unwilling. 2. Independent of will or choice. The motion of the heart and arteries is involuntary but not against the will. 3. Not proceeding from choice; not done willingly; opposed to the will. A slave and a conquered nation yield an involuntary submission to a master.
Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary ↗ · public-domain · returned verbatim, no AI

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