perturb

Founding-era definition · Webster's 1828 American Dictionary

PERTURB' PER'TURBATE, verb transitive [Latin perturbo; per and turbo, properly to turn, or to stir by turning.] 1. To disturb; to agitate; to disquiet. 2. To disorder; to confuse. [This verb is little used. The participle is in use.]
Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary ↗ · public-domain · returned verbatim, no AI

More founding-era words: liberty · virtue · republic · justice · providence · commerce · militia · arms · prudence · establishment · religion · usurpation · tyranny · citizen · unalienable · sovereign