refractoriness

Founding-era definition · Webster's 1828 American Dictionary

REFRACT'ORINESS, noun [from refractory.] Perverse or sullen obstinacy in opposition or disobedience. I never allowed any man's refractoriness against the privileges and orders of the house.
Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary ↗ · public-domain · returned verbatim, no AI

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