turbulent

Founding-era definition · Webster's 1828 American Dictionary

TUR'BULENT, adjective [Latin turbulentus, from turbo, to disturb.] 1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; being in violent commotion; as the turbulent ocean. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tost and turbulent The turbulent mirth of wine. 2. Restless; unquiet; refractory; disposed to insubordination and disorder; as turbulent spirits. 3. Producing commotion. Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes.
Source: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary ↗ · public-domain · returned verbatim, no AI

More founding-era words: liberty · virtue · republic · justice · providence · commerce · militia · arms · prudence · establishment · religion · usurpation · tyranny · citizen · unalienable · sovereign