1AI skills and capacity A sizeable gap exists in AI skills across sectors. The perception of relevant AI skills for strategic foresight (Figure 1) varies across sectors. Public sector employees in general tend to be more modest in their assessment of their own abilities compared to strategic foresight experts from other sectors, particularly those from the private sector. Some 53% of public sector respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that they had relevant skills to use AI in their strategic foresight work, and similar numbers were reported by respondents from civil society (57%) and academia (59%). However, 93% of private sector respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement. Those who did not have experience with AI reported limited ideas about the possibilities that AI may provide. This may point to a need for a more coordinated and systematic increase of AI literacy in the public sector through training and active experimentation. Currently, the bulk of strategic foresight experts use off-the-shelf AI tools (51% of respondents), while 12% use customized solutions and 32% use hybrid solutions. The most common platforms used by the respondents are CoPilot (22%), ChatGPT/OpenAI (16%), Claude (12%), Gemini (12%), Perplexity (11%) and Deepseek (7%). Most strategic foresight experts use two or more tools simultaneously, with some using up to 50 different tools. Some 27% of the respondents reported that their organization was collaborating with other organizations to develop AI-enabled foresight, and another 34% said their organization was planning to do so. Skills to use AI for strategic foresight FIGURE 1 Do you have the relevant skills to use AI in foresight work? 0% 4%33%53% 40% 18%10%20%30%40%50%60% Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree I do not know7% 7% 8%21% 21%41%43%42% 12%14% 14%17% 3% Private sector Public sector Civil society Academia Source: OECD AI in Strategic Foresight: Reshaping Anticipatory Governance 6

AI in Strategic Foresight 2025