hydrogen, the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance aimed at identifying investment needs, bottlenecks and opportunities to scale hydrogen technology). Education, awareness building, and outreach (e.g., with key stakeholders at airports, federal agencies, the broader community) can help inform stakeholders about the benefits, challenges, and safety of potential hydrogen use cases. This can ensure the proper capabilities are in place, reduce overall scepticism and facilitate project implementation. advocate for energy and hydrogen needs to avoid being carved out and deprioritized for hydrogen access. 5. Workforce development, education and outreach can accelerate hydrogen development and deployment. The public sector can also mobilize collaboration across stakeholder groups to strengthen technical expertise and provide the enabling foundational structure to succeed (e.g., US Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs that promote the production, use and distribution of clean Next steps for airport energy ecosystem players Moving forward, as airports develop into energy hubs, actions, suggestions and areas to track vary by stakeholder. 1. Hydrogen producers and energy suppliers –Effectively forecast demand: Utilize historical data and predictive analytics to accurately forecast hydrogen demand at airports –Optimize transport: Develop efficient logistics for transporting hydrogen from production sites to airports –Demonstrate viable supply chains: Validate the feasibility of fully scaled hydrogen supply chains including cost- competitive plant designs and transport –Evaluate on-site production: Assess the feasibility of hydrogen production to meet demand effectively 2. Airports –Integrate hydrogen into operations: Assess the impact of hydrogen deployment on daily operations and logistics –Drive synergies: Have a consistent approach to airport energy transitions that includes TCO considerations –Enhance safety protocols: Establish and maintain robust safety protocols to support large-scale hydrogen deployment –Develop the workforce: Support initiatives (i.e., training, recruitment) that grow the number of skilled workers in hydrogen –Scale investments profitably: Strategize on scaling hydrogen infrastructure investments while ensuring profitability and sustainability 3. Infrastructure planners –Collaborate with energy suppliers: Foster strong partnerships with energy suppliers to ensure seamless integration of hydrogen infrastructure –Plan financially and timely: Develop comprehensive financial plans and timelines for large-scale hydrogen infrastructure projects within airport ecosystems –Develop the workforce: Support initiatives (i.e., training, recruitment) that grow the number of skilled workers in H2 –Assess technological readiness: Evaluate the readiness of key infrastructure components to support hydrogen deployment 4. Investors –Compare long-term returns: Analyse long-term returns of hydrogen compared to other sustainable aviation solutions and sectors –Support aviation transition: Invest in initiatives that facilitate the rapid transition of aviation to hydrogen –Advocate for favourable policies: Engage with policy- makers to promote policies for hydrogen as an attractive long-term investment 5. Aviation offtakers (e.g., OEMs, airlines, service providers) –Accelerate technological readiness: Invest in research and development to advance the technological readiness of hydrogen-powered flight –Foster effective collaboration: Develop collaborative projects, such as pilot technologies and proofs of concept, to accelerate hydrogen uptake –Contribute to regulation: Help standardize regulation of hydrogen aircraft handling at airports (i.e., refuelling) –Integrate hydrogen aircraft: Plan for the seamless integration of hydrogen aircraft into existing fleets

AoT Pathways for Airports to Develop into Energy Hubs April 2024