Appendix 3: Subsidies To complement the sensitivity analysis, this appendix provides a detailed table of subsidies and incentives available to support the adoption of zero-emission airport buses and associated infrastructure. The information is organized by region and includes both direct financial mechanisms – such as grants, rebates and tax credits – and non-monetary incentives, including toll exemptions, tax breaks and preferential access. While comprehensive, the table is not exhaustive and reflects the main programmes identified at the time of writing. It is intended to give readers a consolidated view of the support schemes that can significantly influence TCO across different markets. Subsidies in the United States (US) TABLE 3 Subsidy programmeJurisdiction (country/state)Amount/percentage Coverage Zero Emissions Airport Vehicle and Infrastructure Pilot Program20Federal Up to 50% of project cost Airport-owned, on-road zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs, such as buses and shuttles) and supporting charging infrastructure for exclusive airport use Low or No Emission (Low-No) Grant Program21Federal Up to 85% for buses; up to 90% for facility componentsPurchase or lease of low/zero-emission public transit buses, supporting facilities and workforce development. Airport-only services are ineligible. Commercial Clean Vehicle Tax Credit (45W)22Federal Up to $40,000 per vehicle Tax credit for businesses purchasing qualified commercial clean vehicles with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 14,000 pounds or more Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit (30C)23Federal 6% of cost, up to $100,000 per unitTax credit for businesses installing charging infrastructure EnergIIZE Commercial Vehicles Project24California Varies; targeted funding lanesEV charging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure for medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses and equipment Texas Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Program (TxVEMP) - All-Electric Grant25Texas Up to 100% of incremental cost for government entities; 75% for non-governmentReplacement of older diesel vehicles with all-electric models, including shuttle/transit buses and airport ground support equipment, plus supporting infrastructure ComEd Business and Public Sector EV Rebates26Illinois (ComEd Service Area)Up to $120,000 for a transit bus; up to $180,000 for select customersRebates for the purchase or lease of new or pre-owned fleet EVs, including transit buses ComEd Make-Ready Program27Illinois (ComEd Service Area)Up to $8,000 per level-2 (L2) charger port; up to $1,000/kW for direct- current fast chargers (DCFC)Rebates for electrical infrastructure upgrades required to install EV chargers for non-residential customers Georgia Power EV Charger Plus Rebate28 Georgia (GA Power Service Area) $250/kW for L2 chargers; $150/kW for DCFC. Maximum $30,000 per projectRebates for purchase and installation of commercial EV chargers Charge Ahead Colorado29Colorado Up to 80% of charger cost (maximum $70,000 for dual-port DCFC)Grants for Level 2 and direct current (DC) fast-charging stations for public entities, businesses and multifamily housing Fleet-ZERO Grant Program30Colorado Up to $500,000 per awardFunding for EV charging infrastructure to support light-, medium- and heavy-duty fleet vehicles Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations: Alternative Bus Technologies 29

Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations 2025