Defossilizing Industry Scaling-up CCU 2025

World Economic Forum UpLink start-ups 1.4 The nascency of CCU markets creates a valuable role for innovative start-ups that can drive technological innovation and pilot emerging commercial models. The companies highlighted in Table 1 below demonstrate a cross-section range of CCU approaches being developed, all of which won the World Economic Forum Uplink CCU challenge and represent promising pathways for carbon conversion technologies. Winners of the World Economic Forum Uplink CCU challenge TABLE 1 Notes: TRL = technology readiness level (scale from 1-9, where 9 is a fully proven and deployed technology); COx = carbon oxides (CO or CO2); Cx-Cy chemicals = various carbon-based chemicals containing x or y number of carbon atoms. Pure-carbon materials Building materials Direct air capture + H2Fuels and chemicals Molten salt carbon capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) CO2 to carbon-based materials for energy storage, composites, coatings COx electrolysis Dioxcycle eChemicles EnaDyne Oxylus Energy Up Catalyst Electrochemistry + chemical processing Building materials from carbonation of alkaline wastesCarbon to Storee-Ethylene from COx inputs TRL 5 TRL 5 TRL 5 TRL 5 CO2 electrolysis CO and e-Ethylene D-CRBN Plasma catalysis CO2 conversion to CO Plasma catalysis C1-C4 chemicals CO2 electrolysis e-Methanol Icodos Absorption-desorption e-Methanol Nanjing Gasgene Gas fermentation C3-C12 bulk chemicals, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), animal feed protein Parallel Carbon Carbonate formation + pH swing CO2 + H2 Greenlyte Absorption-desorption CO2 + H2 TRL 6 TRL 6 TRL 5TRL 5 TRL 5TRL 5TRL 5 Defossilizing Industry: Considerations for Scaling-up Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways 12